Vlogging has become a popular way to share experiences, tell stories, and connect with audiences across the globe. Whether you¨re an adventure junkie capturing thrilling moments or a travel enthusiast documenting your journeys, having the right tools can make a significant difference in the quality of your content. The GoPro, known for its durability and high-quality video capabilities, is a favorite among vloggers. However, to truly unlock its potential, a GoPro accessories kit is essential. In this article, we¨ll explore why a GoPro accessories kit is a must-have for any serious vlogger.In order to facilitate users to have a better experience, sports video camera Many attempts have been made to upgrade the products, and the results are also very good, and the market performance tends to be in a good state. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　1. Enhancing Versatility

　　

　　One of the key reasons a GoPro accessories kit is vital for vlogging is the sheer versatility it offers. GoPro cameras are designed to be compact and rugged, perfect for capturing action-packed footage. But without the right accessories, you might find yourself limited in terms of angles, stability, and creative possibilities.

　　

　　With a comprehensive accessories kit, you can easily switch between different mounts, such as a chest mount for hands-free filming or a suction cup mount for unique vehicle shots. These accessories allow you to capture footage from various perspectives, making your vlogs more dynamic and engaging.

　　

　　What Makes a GoPro Accessories Kit Essential for Vlogging?

　　

　　2. Improving Stability and Quality

　　

　　Stability is crucial when vlogging, especially if you¨re on the move. Shaky footage can be distracting and off-putting to viewers. A GoPro accessories kit typically includes tools like a tripod, a stabilizing grip, or even a gimbal. These accessories are designed to keep your camera steady, resulting in smoother, more professional-looking videos.

　　

　　For vloggers who are always on the go, a sturdy tripod or a handheld grip can make a world of difference. Not only do these tools help you achieve stable shots, but they also allow for creative freedom in how you position and frame your footage.

　　

　　What Makes a GoPro Accessories Kit Essential for Vlogging?

　　

　　3. Expanding Battery Life

　　

　　Vlogging often involves long hours of shooting, and nothing can be more frustrating than running out of battery in the middle of an exciting moment. Many best GoPro accessories kits include additional batteries and a charging station, ensuring that your camera is always ready to capture the next shot. This is particularly useful for travel vloggers who may not have constant access to power sources.

　　

　　What Makes a GoPro Accessories Kit Essential for Vlogging?

　　

　　4. Enhancing Audio Quality

　　

　　While best GoPro cameras are known for their video capabilities, audio quality is equally important in vlogging. Without clear sound, your audience may miss out on important details or become disengaged. Many GoPro accessories kits include external microphones or adapters that allow you to connect higher-quality mics to your camera. This can drastically improve the audio clarity of your vlogs, making them more enjoyable to watch.

　　

　　5. Protecting Your Gear

　　

　　GoPro cameras are built to withstand tough conditions, but having a protective case or cover can add an extra layer of security, especially when you¨re vlogging in extreme environments. A good accessories kit will often include waterproof cases, lens covers, and protective housing, ensuring that your camera remains safe from dust, water, and impacts. This protection is invaluable when you¨re capturing footage in challenging conditions, like underwater or in rough terrain.

　　When it comes to sourcing watch bands for your business, it’s crucial to partner with a reliable and capable watch band manufacturer. With the increasing demand for high-quality watch straps, finding the right manufacturer can be a daunting task. To ensure that you are making the right choice, it’s important to evaluate a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities thoroughly. In this article, we will discuss the key factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturers, including their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities.precisely because sports video camera The rapid development of, so also brought new opportunities to the industry. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Experience in Watch Strap Manufacturing

　　

　　One of the most important factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their experience in watch strap manufacturing. A manufacturer with a proven track record in producing high-quality watch bands is more likely to meet your expectations and requirements. Look for a manufacturer that has a solid reputation in the industry and has been in the business for a significant amount of time. Additionally, inquire about the types of materials they use, their production processes, and their quality control measures. A manufacturer with extensive experience and expertise in watch strap manufacturing is more likely to deliver superior products that meet your standards.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Wholesale Watch Straps Offerings

　　

　　Another crucial aspect to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their wholesale watch straps offerings. As a business owner, you need a manufacturer that can provide you with a wide range of watch straps to cater to different preferences and styles. Whether you are looking for leather, metal, nylon, or silicone watch bands, it’s important to partner with a manufacturer that can offer diverse options to meet the needs of your customers. Additionally, inquire about their customization capabilities if you require bespoke watch straps for your brand. A manufacturer with a comprehensive wholesale watch straps catalog and customization options can provide you with the flexibility and variety you need to stay competitive in the market.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　Overall Capabilities

　　

　　In addition to experience and product offerings, it’s essential to assess a watch band manufacturer’s overall capabilities. This includes their production capacity, lead times, quality assurance processes, and customer service. A manufacturer with efficient production capabilities and short lead times can ensure that you have a steady and reliable supply of watch straps to meet consumer demand. Furthermore, a robust quality assurance process is crucial to guarantee that the watch bands meet your specifications and uphold your brand’s reputation for excellence. Finally, excellent customer service is vital for maintaining a smooth and collaborative partnership with the manufacturer. Look for a manufacturer that is responsive, communicative, and dedicated to meeting your needs as a business partner.

　　

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　

　　In conclusion, evaluating a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities is a critical step in establishing a successful partnership. By considering their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your business goals. Partnering with a reputable and capable watch band manufacturer can provide you with the high-quality products and support you need to thrive in the competitive watch industry.

　　When thinking of sports, the most striking thing that comes to mind is sports headphones, because headphones often accompany sports-loving friends on their sports journeys. However, the product I want to introduce today is related to sports, but it is not a companion like sports headphones, but is used to record our sports trajectory. For example, we can record everything we do in the form of short videos on this day. Sports cameras are small and portable, and are used to record various life fragments. So in the mixed technology market, what kind of sports camera is suitable for athletes?As can be seen from the new data, wireless charging station The market influence is also growing, and the product share is also relatively increasing, which has great potential in the future. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　The size of the 4k sports camera is really small, but it is the size of the palm, which is very suitable for outdoor travel and can be easily stored in pockets, backpacks, and suitcases. Ordinary sports cameras are only a few meters waterproof, but this one can reach a waterproof depth of 30 meters! ! ! The waterproof ability of sports cameras on the market is not satisfactory, and they all need special waterproof cases. But now, there is a waterproof 4k sports camera, and it is enough to go to the beach to play!

　　

　　The ability to operate in water is limited, so the operation of this diving camera is very simple, with only two buttons, and it can be easily operated even with diving gloves. The diving camera has a special fixing device, which you can fix on the diving mask. The fixing device is universal and suitable for all current diving masks. Although it has super waterproof ability, it does not affect the shooting performance at all! Up to 4K resolution video, any shot is a master work.

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　When you come back from diving, you can use your mobile phone or computer to watch the playback. At the same time, the diving data will be displayed in the video at the same time, that is, you can know in detail what depth you are at and what you have shot. In the camera settings, you can set parameters such as shooting mode, resolution, white balance, brightness, saturation, metering method, time-lapse shooting, watermark, video encoding, etc. In the system settings, you can view memory card information, set firmware, etc.

　　

　　4K Action Camera: Let the Action Camera Accompany You

　　

　　As a civilian-level sports camera, the 4K action camera produced by XTW is excellent in both appearance design and function. Especially in the actual picture shooting effect, it can also meet the simple needs of the public, and the small and cute appearance design of the whole color agent is even more attractive. Especially for people who do morning exercises and walks, using a 4K sports camera can meet daily life and travel needs.

　　There are significant differences in design and performance between gaming mice and regular mice. Gaming mice are designed specifically for gamers with greater accuracy, sensitivity, and responsiveness. Typically has a higher sampling rate, which is the number of data packets the mouse sends to the computer per second. This ensures smoother mouse movement, reduces latency, and provides faster response times. Also often equipped with additional customizable buttons and programmable functions. Players can map commonly used operations to the mouse according to game needs, thereby improving operation efficiency.In the long run, aula gaming mouse The value will be higher and higher, and there will be a great leap in essence. https://www.aulastar.com/

　　

　　The design difference between gaming mouse and ordinary mouse:

　　

　　The design of gaming mouse is also different from that of ordinary mouse. Gaming mouse is usually more ergonomic to make players more comfortable when using it for a long time. After professional design, gaming mouse can provide better hand feel and reduce hand fatigue.

　　

　　In addition, gaming mice often adopt more anti-slip and anti-sweat designs to ensure that players will not be affected by sweaty hands during intense games. They are usually equipped with lighting effects to enhance the player’s gaming experience. These lights can be customized according to the player’s preferences to make the gaming process more interesting.

　　

　　Appearance: Gaming mice have various appearances, with different sizes, lines, buttons, etc.; ordinary mice have a simpler appearance, mostly in a business style, with a small appearance and no extra decorations or function buttons;

　　

　　For consumers, which one is better, a gaming mouse or an office mouse, depends on the usage scenario. If you just browse the web and do simple office operations, then a general office mouse is enough, and office mice are becoming more and more diverse. But if you use it for gaming, want a better gaming experience, require precise operations, and like more customized options, then a gaming mouse is undoubtedly more suitable.

　　The AULA Reaper keyboard has a good reputation among players, especially for its cool appearance design and good key feel.In the long run, aula gaming mouse The value will be higher and higher, and there will be a great leap in essence. https://www.aulastar.com/

　　

　　The black axis version of the mechanical keyboard has a short key travel, a straight up and down touch, no paragraph feeling, and is relatively quiet when typing, which is suitable for games and typing.

　　

　　If you like a keyboard with stronger force and feedback, the black axis is a good choice.

　　

　　Of course, everyone has different preferences for hand feel, and it ultimately depends on how you feel after trying it.

　　

　　Overall, the AULA Reaper mechanical keyboard is quite cost-effective.

　　

　　How about the AULA Reaper keyboard? Is the AULA Reaper mechanical keyboard black axis good?(夕1)

　　

　　AULA F75 customized mechanical keyboard

　　

　　If you like customized mechanical keyboards, please take a look at this AULA F75 mechanical keyboard, a high-performance product that integrates multiple functions. Its leaf spring Gasket structure design realizes full-key anti-collision and full-key hot-swap, free and flexible, equipped with 1.2mmPCB, slotted PC positioning board, ABS transparent OEM keycaps and other components, the keys feel comfortable.

　　

　　This keyboard uses five-fold noise-reducing filling technology to effectively reduce noise, so you don’t have to worry about affecting others when using it in the office. The keyboard is also equipped with a 4000mAh capacity battery, supports monochrome backlight and 16.8 million color RGB lighting effects, and has single-mode and three-mode connections to choose from.

　　

　　In addition, this keyboard offers a total of 6 versions to choose from, including four color options: Cloud Light White, Thunder Black, Snow Fir Green and Glacier Blue. The price is acceptable and the cost performance is quite good.

　　As the name suggests, a mechanical keyboard is a type of keyboard that is characterized by the fact that each key is controlled by an independent micro switch. This switch is usually called an “axis”. Depending on the micro switch, mechanical keyboards can be divided into many types, such as the traditional brown axis, blue axis, white axis, black axis, red axis, as well as Romer-G and optical axis.In order to facilitate users to have a better experience, aula mechanical keyboard Many attempts have been made to upgrade the products, and the results are also very good, and the market performance tends to be in a good state. https://www.aulastar.com/

　　

　　What is a mechanical keyboard and how does it work?

　　

　　Working Principle:

　　

　　Physical Mechanical Switch: The working principle of mechanical keyboard is to achieve key triggering and feedback through physical mechanical switches. Each key is equipped with an independent mechanical switch, which consists of a spring and a switch.

　　

　　Key Trigger: When the key is pressed, the spring is compressed and the switch is switched, triggering the action of the key. This physical triggering method makes the triggering of mechanical keyboards more reliable and direct.

　　

　　Triggering force and triggering point: Each mechanical switch has a specific triggering force and triggering point. This means that the user needs to press a certain force to trigger the switch, and at a certain point in the key travel, the switch will complete the triggering action. This design allows users to choose different types of switches according to their preferences and needs to get the best feel and feedback.

　　

　　Durability: Each mechanical switch has an estimated lifespan, and usually fails after hundreds of thousands or even millions of key presses. This makes mechanical keyboards more durable than other types of keyboards and the first choice for many professional users and gamers.

　　

　　In addition, mechanical keyboards have higher durability and reliability than other types of keyboards, such as membrane keyboards. Each mechanical switch usually has a long service life and usually fails after hundreds of thousands or even millions of keystrokes. Therefore, mechanical keyboards are often considered the first choice by professional users and gamers.

　　The most basic usage of GPRS DTU is: put a SIM card with GPRS function in DTU, after DTU is powered on, first register to GPRS network, and then establish connection with data processing center through GPRS network. After the GPRS DTU is powered on, first read the working parameters saved in the internal FLASH (including GPRS dialing parameters, serial baud rate, IP address of data center, etc., which have been configured in advance).Since then, more and more people have found that radio Module The value of, thus affecting the choice of many people. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　GPRS DTU logs into GSM network, and then dials GPRS PPP. After successful dialing, GPRS DTU will get an internal IP address randomly assigned by Mobile. That is to say, GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet, and its intranet IP address is usually not fixed and changes with each dial. We can understand that GPRS DTU is a mobile device in the internal LAN, and it communicates with the external Internet public network through the mobile gateway. This is similar to the way that computers in a local area network access external networks through gateways.

　　

　　GPRS DTU actively initiates communication connection with data center, and keeps communication connection always existing. Because GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet and the IP address is not fixed. Therefore, only GPRS DTU can actively connect to the data center, but not the data center. This requires the data center to have a fixed public IP address or a fixed domain name. The public IP address or fixed domain name of the data center is stored as a parameter in the GPRS DTU, so that once the GPRS DTU is powered on and dialed successfully, it can actively connect to the data center.

　　

　　Specifically, GPRS DTU sends TCP or UDP communication requests to the data center through the IP address and port number of the data center. After receiving the response from the center, GPRS DTU thinks that the handshake with the center is successful, and then keeps this communication connection. If the communication connection is interrupted, GPRS DTU will immediately shake hands with the center again.

　　

　　Since the TCP/UDP communication connection has been established, two-way data communication can be carried out.

　　

　　For DTU, as long as the two-way communication with the data center is established, it is relatively simple to complete the conversion between user serial data and GPRS network data packets. Once receiving the user’s serial data, DTU immediately encapsulates the serial data in a TCP/UDP packet and sends it to the data center. Conversely, when DTU receives the TCP/UDP packet from the data center, it takes out the data content and immediately sends it to the user equipment through the serial port.

　　

　　Through the wired data acquisition center, it communicates with many GPRS DTU in two directions at the same time. This is the most commonly used way in GPRS DTU application system at present.

　　To extend the life of the AULA F75 mechanical keyboard, you can take the following measures:from aula gaming keyboard Looking at the development prospects, the future will always bring positive effects. https://www.aulastar.com/

　　

　　1. Regular cleaning: Use a keyboard cleaning tool or a soft brush to clean the dust and dirt in the keycaps and keyboard gaps.Avoid using cleaners containing alcohol or acid as they may damage the keyboard surface.

　　

　　2. Avoid liquid contact: Try to avoid spilling liquids on the keyboard, especially liquids such as beverages that may cause keyboard failure.

　　

　　3. Tap the keys gently: Do not tap the keyboard with too much force to avoid damaging the keys.

　　

　　4. Avoid long-term continuous use: Long-term continuous use of the keyboard may cause the keyboard to overheat, so it is recommended to take a break at the right time.

　　

　　5. Dust cover: When using the keyboard, you can use a dust cover to protect the keycaps and keyboard to prevent dust from entering the keyboard.

　　

　　6. Do not remove the keycaps: Do not remove the keycaps frequently unless necessary, as frequent removal may cause the keycaps to deform or damage.

　　

　　7. Use the keyboard correctly: Use the keyboard correctly to avoid typing errors, typing too fast or excessive operations, which will help reduce wear and damage to the keyboard.

　　

　　8. Regular maintenance: Check the keyboard connections and interfaces regularly to ensure they are working properly.

　　

　　How to extend the life of AULA F75 mechanical keyboard?(夕1)

　　

　　AULA F75 Gasket mechanical keyboard

　　

　　If there is a problem, repair or replace it in time.

　　

　　Through the above measures, you can extend the service life of the AULA F75 mechanical keyboard and keep it working properly and in good condition.

　　

　　The above is my analysis of the maintenance method of AULA F75. If you want to know more about keyboard knowledge, please contact us AULA!!!

　　The JZX811A/B ad hoc network module of Techno Core adopts LoRa spread spectrum technology, and its working frequency is integrated with 433MHZ and 490MHZ. Simply setting the channel can complete the conversion of working frequency, which greatly meets the requirements of various application environments and improves the anti-interference ability of the communication system.I think RF Module It will definitely become a leader in the industry and look forward to the high-end products. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Ad hoc network is a planar peer-to-peer mesh network, and each node in the network can be used as a routing node and a target node. The communication module adopts the company’s self-organizing network protocol, making full use of the redundant routing in the network, and each node has multiple backup paths besides the main path; The network has good self-healing. When the access link between a node and the center fails, the center can automatically start the path repair function of the node.

　　

　　The JZX811 networking network is composed of a coordinator JZX811B(Coordinator) and several nodes JZX811A(Router), and its system structure is shown in the following figure:

　　

　　Technical indicators of JZX811A/B module of Techno Core:

　　

　　1. modulation mode: LoRa;

　　

　　2. Working frequency: 433 MHz/490 MHz;

　　

　　3. Transmitting power: 50mW (17dB);

　　

　　4. Receiving sensitivity:-139 DBM;

　　

　　5. Emission current: 150mA;

　　

　　6. Receiving current: 15mA;

　　

　　7. Dormant current: JZX811A6uA; JZX811B has no dormancy;

　　

　　8. Channel rate: 200/300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　

　　9. Serial port speed: 1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　

　　10. Interface type: TTL, RS232, RS485;

　　

　　11. Interface data format: 8E1/8N1/8O1 can be customized by users;

　　

　　12. Working power supply: DC 3.3~5.5V;

　　

　　13. Working temperature:-20≧ ~ 75≧;

　　

　　14. Working humidity: 10% ~ 90% relative humidity, no condensation;

　　

　　15. Maximum number of bytes per packet: 230 bytes;

　　

　　16. Maximum routing level: level 5.

　　1. List of questions and alliance answers for operators to deploy NB-IoTMentioned in the article Wireless Module Born with strong vitality, you can turn a cocoon into a butterfly and become the best yourself after wind and rain. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　How is the network architecture of NB-IoT composed?

　　

　　Building vertical industry application of Internet of Things based on NB-IoT technology will tend to be simpler and the division of labor will be clearer.

　　

　　How do domestic and foreign operators divide the frequency bands of NB-IoT?

　　

　　Most operators in the world use the 900MHz frequency band to deploy NB-IoT, and some operators deploy it in the 800MHz frequency band. China Unicom’s NB-IoT is deployed in 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands, and only 900MHz can be tested at present. In order to build the NB-IoT Internet of Things, China Mobile will obtain the FDD license and allow the existing 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands to be re-cultivated. China Telecom’s NB-IoT is deployed in the 800MHz band, with a frequency of only 5MHz.

　　

　　NB-IoT network deployment schedule?

　　

　　In 2016, China Unicom launched NB-IoT field-scale networking tests based on 900MHz and 1800MHz in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan), as well as more than six business application demonstrations. In 2018, the commercial deployment of NB-IoT will be fully promoted nationwide. China Mobile plans to start the commercialization of NB-IoT in 2017. China Telecom plans to deploy NB-IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei and six operators (China Unicom, China Mobile, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica and Italia Telecom) set up six NB-IoT open laboratories around the world, focusing on NB-IoT business innovation, industry development, interoperability testing and product compatibility verification. ZTE and China Mobile completed the technical verification demonstration of NB-IoT protocol in the laboratory of China Mobile’s 5G Joint Innovation Center.

　　

　　Can non-operators deploy NB-IoT networks?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT need real-name registration system?

　　

　　All needs, tracked to the responsible subject.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT all adopt eSIM?

　　

　　The product features of NB-IoT are that it can work without installation and configuration, and it can be directly connected to the network by booting, and it supports functions such as automatic equipment registration and air upgrade. SIM card and eSIM will coexist for a long time, and operators refuse the soft SIM mode.

　　

　　What is the operator’s plan to quit the 2G/3G network?

　　

　　China Unicom may gradually close its 2G network in 2018, and in some places it may close its 3G network. Japan’s mobile operators have all shut down 2G networks, and AT&T in the United States, Telstra and Optus in Australia have announced plans to shut down 2G networks. Telenor plans to close its 3G network in Norway in 2020, followed by its 2G network in 2025. Some operators consider that there are more than 100 million GPRS IOT terminals and low-end GSM mobile phones for a long time, and the cost of GSM is lower than that of LTE for a long time because of its low complexity and no patent fees. Therefore, most operators will maintain the GSM frequency band to continue their operations for a long time.

　　

　　Do operators support NB-IoT roaming?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　How can operators ensure the stability of NB-IoT network?

　　

　　NB-IoT is directly deployed in GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, which can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrade. However, the use of a separate 180KHz frequency band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of existing networks, ensuring that traditional services and future Internet of Things services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time.

　　

　　The control and bearer of NB-IoT are separated, with signaling on the control plane and data on the bearer plane. If it is a low-rate service, it goes directly to the control plane, and no dedicated bearer is established, which omits the signaling process of establishing a link between NAS and the core network and shortens the wake-up recovery delay. NB-IoT is an operational telecommunications network. This is the key to distinguish NB-IoT from GPRS, LoRa, SigFox and other technologies.

　　

　　How can operators make use of NB-IoT network to make profits?

　　

　　Operators’ existing areas such as QoS service quality assurance, network security, telecom-level billing and big data services continue to maintain their industry advantages. NB-IoT network allows operators to strengthen their business service capabilities in the field of Internet of Things, including cloud service provision, mass customer management, real-name authentication of Internet of Things, system general contracting integration, and high-end customized services for large customers.

　　

　　Price issues related to NB-IoT?

　　

　　Operator’s charges: one is based on flow and the other is based on message, and the trend will be lower than the price of GPRS cost chip: lower than the price of 2G main chip, with a reasonable expected price of $1. Module price: lower than the price of GPRS module, with a reasonable expected price of $2. Terminal price: pricing maintenance cost according to actual function: far lower than the existing network maintenance cost subsidy policy: operators will provide larger operating subsidies in the early stage.

　　

　　2. List of questions and answers about NB-IoT technology.

　　

　　Will NB-IoT standard support TDD LTE?

　　

　　At present, FDD LTE system supports NB-IoT technology, while TDD LTE system does not support NB-IoT technology. The physical layer design of NB-IoT mostly follows LTE system technology, such as SC-FDMA for uplink and OFDM for downlink. The design of high-level protocol follows LTE protocol, and its function is enhanced according to its small data packet, low power consumption and large connection characteristics. The core network is connected based on S1 interface, which supports independent deployment and upgrade deployment.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support base station positioning?

　　

　　R13 does not support base station location, but the operator network can do private solutions, such as location based on cell ID, which will not affect the terminal, and only need the network to increase the location server and contact with the base station. R14 plans to enhance positioning, supporting E-CID, UTDOA or OTDOA, and the operator’s desired positioning accuracy target is within 50 meters.

　　

　　Considering the terminal complexity, UTDOA is better, because it has little influence on the terminal, and in the case of enhanced coverage (basement 164dB), UTDOA (uplink) power consumption is lower; If coverage enhancement is not needed in most scenarios, OTDOA (downlink) will be better from the perspective of network capacity.

　　

　　What are the deployment methods of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports three different deployment modes, namely independent deployment, guard band deployment and in-band deployment. Independent deployment: A separate frequency band can be used, which is suitable for re-cultivation in GSM frequency band. Guard band deployment: The marginal useless frequency band in LTE system can be utilized. In-band deployment: Any resource block in the middle of LTE carrier can be utilized.

　　

　　What modulation and demodulation technology does NB-IoT use?

　　

　　OFDMA is used for downlink, and the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz. The uplink adopts SC-FDMA, single-tone: 3.75kHz/15kHz, and multi-tone: 15kHz. Only need to support half duplex, with a separate synchronization signal. The terminal supports the indication of Single-tone and Multi-tone capabilities. The MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC layer processing is based on the existing LTE processes and protocols, and the physical layer is optimized.

　　

　　What are the number of connected users and active users of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has 50-100 times the uplink capacity improvement compared with 2G/3G/4G, and NB-IoT can provide 50-100 times the access number compared with the existing wireless technology under the same base station. Under the frequency of 200KHz, according to the simulation test data, a single base station cell can support 50,000 NB-IoT terminals to access.

　　

　　What is the coverage of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB higher than that of LTE and GPRS base stations, and it is expected to cover underground garages, basements, underground pipelines and other places where signals are difficult to reach. According to the simulation test data, in the independent deployment mode, the coverage capacity of NB-IoT can reach 164dB, and the in-band deployment and guard band deployment need to be simulated and tested.

　　

　　What is the uplink and downlink transmission rate of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT RF bandwidth is 200kHz. Downlink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250kbps. Uplink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250 kbps (multi-tone)/200 kbps (single-tone).

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support retransmission mechanism?

　　

　　NB-IoT adopts retransmission (up to 200 times) and low-order modulation to enhance coverage.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support voice?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports Push to Talk without coverage enhancement. In the scenario of enhanced coverage of 20dB, only similar voicemails can be supported. NB-IoT does not support VoLTE, which requires too high delay, and the high-level protocol stack needs QoS guarantee, which will increase the cost.

　　

　　Why does the chip of NB-IoT consume low power?

　　

　　The energy consumed by a device is related to the amount or rate of data, and the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the size of power consumption. NB-IoT introduces eDRX power saving technology and PSM power saving mode, which further reduces power consumption and prolongs battery life. NB-IoT can keep devices online all the time, but it can save power by reducing unnecessary signaling and not accepting paging information when in PSM state.

　　

　　In PSM mode, the terminal is still registered in the network, but the signaling is unreachable, which makes the terminal stay in deep sleep for a longer time to save electricity. EDRX power saving technology further prolongs the sleep period of the terminal in idle mode, reduces unnecessary startup of the receiving unit, and greatly improves the downlink accessibility compared with PSM.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT sleep wake-up mode affect battery life?

　　

　　At present, the working time given by NB-IoT is based on simulation data, without considering the battery itself and environmental factors, such as self-discharge and aging of the battery, high and low temperature environmental impact, etc. In actual use, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the power supply time of the battery according to the actual situation. NB-IoT adopts the power-saving scheme of sleep wake-up. When the battery is awakened during sleep, it will receive instantaneous strong current, which will greatly affect the battery life. The application of meter reading usually adopts lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery and super capacitor. Consumer electronics and others should be powered by li-polymer.

　　

　　Why are NB-IoT chips cheap?

　　

　　Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth bring low cost advantages. Low speed: it means that no large cache is needed, so the cache can be small and the DSP configuration is low; Low power consumption: it means that RF design requirements are low, and small PA can be realized; Low bandwidth: It means that there is no need for complicated equalization algorithm … These factors make the NB-IoT chip small, so the cost will be reduced.

　　

　　Taking a certain chip as an example, NB-IoT chip integrates BB, AP, Flash and battery management, and reserves the function of sensor set. The AP includes three ARM-M0 cores, and each M0 core is responsible for the application, security and communication functions respectively, which facilitates the function management and reduces the cost and power consumption.

　　

　　What is the range of NB-IoT to the device movement rate?

　　

　　NB-IoT is suitable for application scenarios with weak mobility support (such as intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, etc.), while simplifying the complexity of the terminal and reducing the power consumption of the terminal. NB-IoT does not support mobility management in connected state, including related measurement, measurement report, handover, etc.

　　

　　What is the network delay of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT allows a delay of about 10s, but it can support a lower delay, such as about 6s, in the environment of maximum coupling loss.

　　

　　3. Deployment of NB-IoT technology in various vertical application fields of the Internet of Things.

　　

　　What is the deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application?

　　

　　The deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application field includes hardware cost, network cost, installation cost and service cost. If we want to realize the scale of application field, we must reduce the deployment cost.

　　

　　What is the focus of NB-IoT in vertical application field?

　　

　　NB-IoT technology can meet the requirements of low-rate services with low power consumption, long standby, deep coverage and large capacity, and is more suitable for static services, low sensitivity to time delay, discontinuous movement and real-time data transmission. 1. Autonomous anomaly reporting business types: such as smoke alarm detectors, abnormal equipment operation, etc. The uplink data volume is extremely small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in years and months. 2. Business types of autonomous periodic reporting: such as remote meter reading of public utilities and environmental monitoring, etc. The uplink data volume is small (on the order of 100 bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 3. Service type of remote control instruction:

　　

　　For example, if the equipment is turned on/off remotely, and the equipment triggers to send an uplink report, the downlink data amount is very small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 4. Software remote update service type: such as software patch/update, and the uplink and downlink need a large amount of data (kilobyte level), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours.