Monthly Archives: November 2024

　　1. Introduction to Ultra-Thin FPCFrom the demand side, flexible circuits More in line with the psychological expectations of consumers, willing to pay for the things they like. https://gekunflex.com/

　　

　　Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC) are revolutionizing the design of smart devices, offering incredible versatility, lightweight design, and enhanced durability. One of the leading advancements in this field is Gekun¨s Ultra-Thin FPC, an innovative solution tailored for modern smart device applications. This article explores the impact of ultra-thin FPC technology in today¨s tech landscape, particularly within consumer electronics, where devices demand both form and function.

　　

　　Gekun ultra-thin FPC

　　

　　Gekun ultra-thin FPC

　　

　　2. The Importance of FPC in Modern Smart Devices

　　

　　As the demand for lighter, slimmer, and more versatile smart devices grows, FPC technology has emerged as a go-to solution. Offering flexibility and reliability, FPCs are vital for complex circuit layouts within limited spaces. Gekun¨s Ultra-Thin FPC is designed to meet these needs, supporting functions like high-speed data transfer, power efficiency, and adaptability！all essential for the latest technological devices, from smartphones to wearables.

　　

　　3. Key Benefits of Gekun Ultra-Thin FPC

　　

　　The ultra-thin FPC by Gekun provides unique advantages:

　　

　　Space Efficiency: Ultra-thin FPCs take up minimal space, enabling sleeker designs.

　　

　　Enhanced Flexibility: Ideal for curved or folded designs, maximizing functionality in smaller devices.

　　

　　Durability: Withstands wear and tear, essential for portable, frequently used devices.

　　

　　The Gekun ultra-thin FPC is particularly appealing to engineers and designers working on the next generation of smart devices. It not only optimizes internal space but also significantly reduces device weight, which is crucial in today¨s compact tech market.

　　

　　smart device FPC

　　

　　smart device FPC

　　

　　4. Why Choose Gekun for Your Ultra-Thin FPC Needs?

　　

　　Gekun¨s commitment to quality and precision in FPC manufacturing has established it as a trusted name among tech innovators. Gekun Ultra-Thin FPC stands out due to its strict quality control, advanced materials, and cutting-edge manufacturing techniques that align with the latest industry standards. Partnering with Gekun ensures not only high-quality products but also customized solutions tailored to meet unique project needs.

　　

　　5. Gekun Ultra-Thin FPC: Shaping the Future of Smart Devices

　　

　　As technology advances, so does the need for compact, powerful, and resilient components. Gekun¨s Ultra-Thin FPC is a prime example of how innovation in flexible circuits is enhancing the possibilities in smart device design. From the next generation of wearables to foldable displays, the ultra-thin FPC by Gekun will play a pivotal role in transforming user experiences.

　　

　　smart device FPC

　　

　　smart device FPC

　　

　　Conclusion: In today¨s competitive tech environment, Gekun¨s Ultra-Thin FPC delivers unmatched versatility and performance, making it a preferred choice for manufacturers. As demand grows for lightweight, high-functionality components, Gekun remains at the forefront, offering ultra-thin FPC solutions that empower designers and engineers to push the limits of what¨s possible in smart devices.

　　With the rapid development of the domestic LED industry, the market size is gradually becoming full, and LED display screens are also gradually reaching a bottleneck in technology. In this situation, the new product LED floor tile screen has gradually become a major development point in the industry. As a representative of the industry, commercial outdoor led display supplier It is necessary to set a certain example for peers and lead the way in product quality. https://ljx-led.com

The application of LED floor tile screens is becoming increasingly widespread, suitable for indoor and outdoor public places

　　

　　

　　Meeting rooms, multimedia classrooms, amusement parks, exhibition events, bar stages, banquet halls, car exhibitions, high-end hotel decorations, outdoor colorful skating rinks, cinemas, sports halls, television stations, and other occasions, etc

　　LED tile screens can be applied to many perennial exhibition halls such as science and technology museums, planning halls, museums, industry exhibition halls, theme exhibition halls, and enterprise exhibition halls. So we can draw a preliminary conclusion, commercial outdoor led display supplier It is helpful to the needs of the industry market and social development. https://ljx-led.com

　　

　　Unlike traditional interactive projection, LED tile screens do not require other media. Users can directly use body movements such as hands or feet to interact with virtual scenes in the projection area.

　　

　　Therefore, tile screens have high novelty and ornamental value, which can effectively liven up the atmosphere, increase the technological content of exhibitions and events, and enhance the popularity of exhibitions and events.

　　IntroductionThis means that rigid flex pcb It is the weather vane of the industry and can bring people great self-confidence. https://gekunflex.com/

　　

　　Flexible circuit boards (FPCs) are integral to modern electronics, offering durability, lightweight construction, and adaptability. To ensure that a flexible circuit design meets industry standards and functions effectively, a structured approach is necessary. This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step overview of how to create a flexible circuit board design specification .

　　

　　Table of Contents hide

　　

　　1 Flexible Circuit Board Design Specification

　　

　　1.1 1. Understanding Application Requirements

　　

　　1.2 2. Material Selection

　　

　　1.3 3. Defining Circuit Configuration

　　

　　1.4 4. Designing the Layout for Flexibility

　　

　　1.5 5. Stack-Up Design Considerations

　　

　　1.6 6. Trace Width and Spacing Guidelines

　　

　　1.7 7. Via Design and Implementation

　　

　　1.8 8. Mechanical and Thermal Management

　　

　　1.9 9. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

　　

　　1.10 10. Final Prototyping and Testing

　　

　　1.11 Conclusion

　　

　　1. Understanding Application Requirements

　　

　　The first and most crucial step is identifying the specific requirements of the application. This includes:

　　

　　Environmental conditions: Consider the temperature, humidity, chemical exposure, and mechanical stress the board will endure.

　　

　　Electrical performance: Determine the required signal integrity, current handling, and power dissipation.

　　

　　Mechanical flexibility: Establish whether the board will need to be frequently bent or remain in a static position.

　　

　　Properly understanding the use case will guide you in choosing materials and design parameters.

　　

　　Flexible Circuit Board Design

　　

　　Flexible Circuit Board Design

　　

　　2. Material Selection

　　

　　Choosing the right materials is fundamental to meeting the flexible circuit board design specification. Common materials include:

　　

　　Base substrate: Polyimide is the most popular due to its high flexibility and temperature resistance. Polyester is also an option for low-cost designs.

　　

　　Copper foil: Choose the thickness based on the current-carrying requirements and overall flexibility. Thicker copper layers increase durability but reduce flexibility.

　　

　　Adhesives and coverlays: Use heat-resistant adhesives and flexible coverlay materials to protect the copper circuitry while maintaining board flexibility.

　　

　　Selecting the appropriate materials ensures that the board can withstand environmental stresses and operational demands.

　　

　　3. Defining Circuit Configuration

　　

　　Flexible circuits come in several configurations, depending on the complexity of the design:

　　

　　Single-sided circuits: Ideal for simple, low-cost designs.

　　

　　Double-sided circuits: Provide more routing options, allowing for more complex designs without sacrificing flexibility.

　　

　　Multilayer circuits: These are used for advanced applications that require high-density interconnections and compact form factors.

　　

　　Select the configuration that best suits your design complexity and space constraints.

　　

　　4. Designing the Layout for Flexibility

　　

　　A key design consideration in flexible circuits is how the layout accommodates the board¨s mechanical flexibility. Best practices include:

　　

　　Avoiding sharp angles: Use rounded corners in traces to prevent stress points during flexing.

　　

　　Uniform trace width: Keep trace widths uniform to ensure even stress distribution.

　　

　　Bend radius: Define an adequate bend radius (typically 10 times the thickness of the board) to avoid damage to the circuitry during flexing.

　　

　　Component placement: Ensure components are positioned away from the bend areas to prevent mechanical damage.

　　

　　Proper layout optimization will enhance the durability and longevity of your flexible circuit.

　　

　　Flexible Circuit Board Design

　　

　　5. Stack-Up Design Considerations

　　

　　For multi-layer flexible circuits, it¨s essential to plan the stack-up carefully:

　　

　　Signal integrity: Ensure sufficient separation between signal and ground planes to reduce crosstalk and maintain signal quality.

　　

　　Thermal management: Balance layers in the stack-up to dissipate heat effectively and avoid overheating during operation.

　　

　　Bendability: Ensure the outer layers remain flexible, while inner layers may require stiffeners for mechanical support.

　　

　　A well-balanced stack-up is key to achieving electrical performance and maintaining flexibility.

　　

　　6. Trace Width and Spacing Guidelines

　　

　　Trace width and spacing directly influence the electrical performance of the circuit. Key factors to consider include:

　　

　　Current carrying capacity: Use wider traces for higher currents, but avoid overly wide traces that reduce flexibility.

　　

　　Impedance control: For high-speed signals, calculate and maintain controlled impedance to prevent signal loss or degradation.

　　

　　Adequate spacing: Ensure that trace spacing meets the electrical isolation requirements to prevent shorts or arcing.

　　

　　Following manufacturer guidelines for trace width and spacing will ensure the circuit performs reliably.

　　

　　7. Via Design and Implementation

　　

　　Vias play a critical role in connecting different layers of a flexible PCB. The most common types include:

　　

　　Through-hole vias: Best for simple, cost-effective connections.

　　

　　Blind/buried vias: Used in complex designs to connect specific layers without penetrating the entire stack.

　　

　　Microvias: Essential for high-density designs, especially in space-constrained applications.

　　

　　Selecting the appropriate via type ensures efficient routing while maintaining board flexibility.

　　

　　8. Mechanical and Thermal Management

　　

　　Given the operational environment, it is crucial to design for both mechanical and thermal stability:

　　

　　Reinforce stress areas: Stiffeners can be applied to areas that experience high mechanical stress to prevent circuit breakage.

　　

　　Thermal reliefs: Design with thermal management in mind, especially for power circuits, to ensure heat is dissipated and doesn¨t compromise the board¨s operation.

　　

　　Thermal and mechanical considerations enhance both reliability and performance, particularly in demanding applications.

　　

　　Flexible Circuit Board Design

　　

　　9. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

　　

　　After completing the design, it¨s important to test for manufacturability to ensure the design can be efficiently produced:

　　

　　Adhere to manufacturing tolerances: Work closely with your manufacturer to ensure the design meets their production capabilities.

　　

　　Minimize material waste: Optimize the layout to reduce the cost and complexity of production.

　　

　　Test flexibility and durability: Simulate the bending and environmental conditions the board will face in its final application to confirm robustness.

　　

　　Addressing DFM early in the design process will reduce production errors and lower costs.

　　

　　10. Final Prototyping and Testing

　　

　　Before full-scale production, create a prototype of the flexible circuit:

　　

　　Test for functionality: Check that all electrical components and signals are working as intended.

　　

　　Verify mechanical properties: Bend and flex the prototype to ensure it meets flexibility requirements without failure.

　　

　　Environmental testing: Subject the board to temperature and humidity cycles to confirm it can withstand operating conditions.

　　

　　Prototyping helps identify any issues in the design and ensures that the final product meets all specifications.

　　

　　Conclusion

　　

　　Designing a flexible circuit board requires a meticulous approach that balances electrical performance, mechanical flexibility, and manufacturability. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you¨ll ensure your design meets industry standards and performs optimally in its application. For high-quality production, collaborating with an experienced manufacturer like Gekunflex can further enhance the success of your flexible circuit board project.

　　From a practical point of view, clothing can protect our bodies from the influence of the external environment, such as cold, heat, wind and rain. For example, down jackets in winter can effectively keep warm, and light clothes in summer can help dissipate heat.in fact men acid wash t shirt It is more and more welcomed by our customers, and its market performance is gradually improving. https://leduogarment.com

　　

　　In social and cultural aspects, clothing is also an important expression and symbol. Different occasions have specific dress requirements, such as formal business occasions require wearing suits, while casual gatherings can wear more comfortable and casual clothes. At the same time, clothing can also reflect a person¨s cultural background, religious beliefs and social status. For example, some ethnic groups have unique traditional costumes that show their unique cultural charm.

　　

　　From an aesthetic point of view, clothing is an art form. Designers create a variety of beautiful and fashionable clothing styles through clever tailoring, color matching and material selection. Like haute couture, it often attracts people¨s attention with its exquisite craftsmanship and unique design.

　　

　　In the business field, the clothing industry is a large and dynamic industry. Covering multiple links from design, production, sales to marketing, it has not only contributed to economic growth, but also created a large number of employment opportunities.

　　

　　In short, clothing plays a vital role in our lives. It not only meets our basic needs, but also enriches our social life and personal expression. What aspects of clothing are you interested in? For example, clothing trends, clothing brands, clothing matching, or clothing design?

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　　IntroductionTherefore, we should understand Flex PCB manufacturer Many benefits, absorb and summarize, and use them. https://gekunflex.com/

　　

　　Rigid-flex PCBs have revolutionized the electronics industry, offering a blend of the durability of rigid boards and the flexibility of flexible circuits. While these hybrid boards provide numerous advantages！such as reduced space and improved reliability！their manufacturing and application come with a range of challenges. In this article, we will explore the common challenges associated with rigid-flex PCB technology and provide practical solutions to address them.

　　

　　Table of Contents hide

　　

　　1 Challenges and Solutions for Rigid-Flex PCB Technology

　　

　　1.1 Introduction

　　

　　1.2 1. Design Complexity

　　

　　1.2.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.2.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.3 2. Material Selection

　　

　　1.3.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.3.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.4 3. Manufacturing Precision

　　

　　1.4.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.4.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.5 4. Thermal Management

　　

　　1.5.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.5.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.6 5. Testing and Inspection

　　

　　1.6.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.6.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.7 6. Cost Factors

　　

　　1.7.1 Challenge:

　　

　　1.7.2 Solution:

　　

　　1.8 Solutions for Common Rigid-Flex PCB Challenges

　　

　　1.9 Conclusion

　　

　　1. Design Complexity

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Rigid-flex PCBs require intricate designs to integrate both rigid and flexible parts effectively. The complexity lies in managing signal integrity, bending reliability, and the interaction between different layers. Moreover, ensuring that the flexible sections do not interfere with the functionality of the rigid parts is crucial.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Collaborative Design Approach:Involve both the design and manufacturing teams early in the project to optimize the layout and mitigate risks.

　　

　　Design Automation Tools:Use advanced design software that provides tools for simulating signal flow and stress analysis in flex zones, ensuring better layout design for enhanced performance.

　　

　　Pre-Layout Simulation:Conduct pre-layout simulations to predict potential design issues, allowing for early adjustments.

　　

　　Rigid-Flex PCB technology

　　

　　Rigid-Flex PCB technology

　　

　　2. Material Selection

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Selecting appropriate materials for rigid-flex PCBs is vital to maintaining durability and performance. Issues arise when materials selected for the rigid sections are incompatible with those used in the flexible areas, leading to issues like delamination and reduced flexibility.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Balanced Material Selection:Choose materials that work well in both rigid and flexible sections, such as polyimide for the flex parts and FR-4 for rigid areas.

　　

　　Consider Environmental Conditions:Ensure materials are chosen based on the environmental conditions the PCB will face, such as temperature fluctuations, moisture, and vibration.

　　

　　Material Compatibility Testing:Perform thorough material compatibility testing to ensure that materials used in different layers adhere properly and maintain functionality.

　　

　　3. Manufacturing Precision

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Manufacturing rigid-flex PCBs requires extreme precision to avoid misalignment between the rigid and flexible layers, which can lead to performance issues or complete circuit failure. Achieving the necessary precision during layer stacking and lamination is a significant challenge.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Advanced Manufacturing Equipment:Invest in precision manufacturing equipment capable of handling the unique requirements of rigid-flex PCBs, including accurate layer stacking and alignment.

　　

　　Controlled Lamination Process:Ensure strict control over lamination conditions to prevent misalignment and warping, particularly in multi-layer designs.

　　

　　Quality Control Protocols:Implement comprehensive quality control protocols throughout the manufacturing process, including automated optical inspection (AOI) and X-ray inspection to ensure alignment.

　　

　　Rigid-Flex PCB technology

　　

　　Rigid-Flex PCB technology

　　

　　4. Thermal Management

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Thermal management is critical in rigid-flex PCBs, especially in high-performance applications where heat dissipation is a concern. Poor thermal management can lead to overheating, reducing the lifespan of the board and components.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Heat Dissipation Materials:Incorporate heat dissipation materials such as thermal vias or copper planes into the rigid sections to manage heat effectively.

　　

　　Design for Ventilation:Ensure adequate ventilation or thermal pathways in the PCB design to allow heat to dissipate naturally.

　　

　　Thermal Simulations:Use thermal simulation software during the design phase to predict hot spots and design effective cooling strategies.

　　

　　5. Testing and Inspection

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Testing rigid-flex PCBs can be complex due to the multi-layered structure and the combination of rigid and flexible elements. Traditional testing methods may not detect issues specific to the flex areas or the connection between rigid and flex parts.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Customized Testing Procedures:Develop customized testing procedures that address both the rigid and flexible sections. For example, use specialized testing methods like dynamic flex testing for the flexible areas.

　　

　　Automated Testing Tools:Use automated testing tools, including flying probe testers and boundary scan technologies, to ensure that even the smallest defects are detected.

　　

　　Regular Prototyping:Regularly create prototypes to test and identify issues early before moving on to full-scale production.

　　

　　Rigid-Flex PCB technologyRigid-Flex PCB technology

　　

　　6. Cost Factors

　　

　　Challenge:

　　

　　Rigid-flex PCBs are often more expensive to design and manufacture compared to traditional rigid PCBs or flexible circuits. The cost increases due to material selection, intricate design, and precision manufacturing.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Design Optimization:Optimize the design to reduce material wastage and manufacturing complexity. For example, use a minimal number of layers or reduce the number of vias.

　　

　　Volume Production:Leverage economies of scale by producing in larger quantities, which can help reduce the per-unit cost.

　　

　　Supplier Collaboration:Work closely with suppliers like Gekunflex to source high-quality materials at competitive prices, ensuring cost efficiency without compromising quality.

　　

　　Solutions for Common Rigid-Flex PCB Challenges

　　

　　Addressing the challenges associated with rigid-flex PCBs requires a multi-faceted approach. By focusing on design optimization, careful material selection, precision in manufacturing, and effective thermal management, companies can overcome many of the difficulties these hybrid boards present. Additionally, thorough testing and cost management strategies can ensure the reliability and affordability of rigid-flex PCBs for various applications.

　　

　　At Gekunflex, we specialize in providing tailored solutions for all your rigid-flex PCB needs, ensuring that your products meet the highest standards of quality and performance. By collaborating with a trusted supplier, you can overcome the challenges associated with rigid-flex technology and achieve success in your projects.

　　

　　Conclusion

　　

　　Rigid-flex PCBs offer numerous advantages, but they also come with unique challenges. By employing the solutions discussed in this article！ranging from design improvements to cost management！manufacturers can enhance the reliability and performance of their rigid-flex PCB designs. Whether you¨re tackling complex designs or seeking to improve material compatibility, the key lies in optimizing every aspect of the process.

　　

　　For more information on rigid-flex PCBs and how we at Gekunflex can assist you in overcoming these challenges, contact our team of experts today.

　　Some common materials for clothing have wearing experience characteristics.Without exception, mens custom hoodie Our customers are willing to purchase their products, because high quality is the concept of their products. https://leduogarment.com

　　

　　Cotton:

　　

　　Soft and comfortable: It feels gentle when in contact with the skin and does not cause irritation.

　　

　　Good breathability: It helps sweat evaporate and keeps the skin dry, suitable for wearing in hot weather.

　　

　　High hygroscopicity: It can absorb sweat discharged from the body, but it may not dry quickly in a humid environment.

　　

　　Easy to wrinkle: It needs to be ironed frequently to keep it flat.

　　

　　Example: A pure cotton T-shirt is very comfortable to wear in the summer, but it may have obvious wrinkles after a day of activities.

　　

　　Linen:

　　

　　Excellent breathability: It is more breathable than cotton and gives a refreshing feeling.

　　

　　Good hygroscopicity: It can absorb sweat quickly.

　　

　　Hard texture: It may be a little rough when worn for the first time, but it will gradually soften with the increase in the number of washes.

　　

　　Easy to wrinkle: And wrinkles are more difficult to smooth out than cotton clothing.

　　

　　Example: Linen shirts can provide good ventilation in hot summer, but require careful care to reduce wrinkles.

　　

　　Silk:

　　

　　Smooth and soft: It feels extremely delicate and gives a luxurious feeling.

　　

　　Lustrous: makes clothing look high-end and gorgeous.

　　

　　Good breathability: cool and comfortable to wear.

　　

　　High maintenance requirements: demanding washing and storage conditions, easy to damage.

　　

　　Example: Silk dresses can show elegance when worn on important occasions, but care should be taken to avoid scratches and use special detergents.

　　

　　Wool:

　　

　　Excellent warmth retention: especially suitable for wearing in cold seasons.

　　

　　Soft: but may feel slightly itchy, especially for sensitive skin.

　　

　　Good elasticity: can maintain the shape of clothing.

　　

　　Easy to shrink: special care is required when washing.

　　

　　Example: Wool coats can effectively protect against the cold in winter, but may become smaller after washing.

　　

　　Cashmere:

　　

　　Extremely soft: almost no itching, very skin-friendly.

　　

　　Excellent warmth retention: lighter and warmer than wool.

　　

　　Expensive: a high-end clothing material.

　　

　　Careful care is required: prone to pilling and wear.

　　

　　Example: A cashmere sweater can provide unparalleled warmth and comfort, but it needs to be maintained with special care products.

　　

　　Polyester:

　　

　　Highly wrinkle-resistant: Less prone to wrinkles, less frequent ironing required.

　　

　　Good abrasion resistance: Long-lasting.

　　

　　Poor breathability: May feel stuffy in hot weather.

　　

　　Prone to static electricity: May attract dust and hair.

　　

　　Example: A sports jacket made of polyester is easy to care for, but may feel stuffy after long periods of exercise.

　　

　　Nylon:

　　

　　High strength: Suitable for garments that require durability, such as sports bras.

　　

　　Good elasticity: Has good stretchability.

　　

　　Fair breathability: Not as comfortable as natural fibers.

　　

　　Example: A swimsuit made of nylon provides good support when in the water, but may be uncomfortable to wear for too long.

　　

　　Spandex:

　　

　　Excellent elasticity: Provides good stretch and fit.

　　

　　Often blended with other fibers: Enhances the elasticity and comfort of the garment.

　　

　　Limited breathability and moisture absorption when used alone.

　　

　　Example: Tights with a high spandex content are comfortable and allow for ease of movement, but may not be very breathable in hot weather.

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According to Agence France-Presse reported on May 22, former U.S. President Trump claimed on the 22nd that the FBI’s 2022 search warrant for his Florida home showed that Biden wanted his life, which aroused people’s doubts and also attracted some people’s support.

Reported that his inflammatory remarks were made after court documents outlining the federal police search plan were made public. Trump has been charged with negligent handling of confidential documents that were discovered at his residence in Mar-a-Lago, Florida, after he left the White House.

Court documents include standard FBI language that states FBI agents have the right to use lethal force if a person is in imminent danger.

But Trump, who will face Biden in the November presidential election, said the wording showed agents were prepared to shoot him and hurt his family.

According to U.S. media reports, Trump said in an email calling for donations: It has just been disclosed that Biden’s Justice Department was authorized to use lethal force to conduct a despicable raid on Mar-a-Lago Manor. You know, they’re eager to do something incredible

Trump said in an email: Joe Biden is going to draw a gun to get rid of me and put my family in danger. He thinks he can scare me, intimidate me, and knock me down!

Reported that this is Trump’s latest accusation against his Democratic opponent. He repeatedly claims without evidence that Biden is using justice against him.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer called on all elected representatives to condemn Trump’s strange and dangerous remarks. He said: We cannot let this person, Donald Trump or anyone else, throw a match like this and ignite the flames that could devour our democracy.

Republican Liz Cheney, who is Trump’s main opponent, believes Trump is unstable. However, Marjorie Taylor Green, a staunch supporter of Trumpism, believes that the Justice Department and the FBI gave Trump the green light to murder.

Trump was not in Florida on the day of the search. In a rare statement, the FBI assured that the matter did not deviate from standards. (Compiled by Liu Zhuo)

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China-Singapore, Beijing, July 16 (Reporter Sun Zifa) Springer Nature’s professional academic journal “Nature Astronomy” recently published a planetary science paper saying that researchers have discovered a potentially accessible underground tunnel originating from an open pit on the moon. Evidence of tunnel. The results of this study have enhanced people’s understanding of lunar geology and may become an ideal location for a lunar base, thus potentially serving as a refuge in future manned missions on the lunar surface.

The paper said that more than 200 craters known as skylights have been discovered on the lunar surface, some of which were formed after the collapse of underground lava tubes. Accessible lava tubes or channels may provide a warmer environment than the lunar surface, but it has previously been uncertain whether they can lead to large underground caves.

In this study, co-authors of the paper, LC and LB of the University of Trento in Italy, and collaborators, analyzed radar data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and found that radar brightness on the west side of the crater increased. Jinghai Crater is the deepest known crater on the moon, with a radius of approximately 100 meters, with vertical or overhanging walls and a sloping bottom.

The authors of the paper used radar images to conduct simulations and found that these observations could be explained by the presence of a cave void or pipe spreading from the west side of the bottom of the pit. They estimate that the pipeline is located at a depth of 130-170 meters, 30-80 meters long and about 45 meters wide. The cave may be flat or inclined at an angle of up to 45 degrees and may be accessible.

The authors concluded that the pipes or channels discovered in this study may be a common feature under the lunar plains, and that the Jinghai Pit and its channels may be an ideal site for a potential lunar base. The method used in the study may also be suitable for evaluating and characterizing other lunar craters to discover more channels.