1. List of questions and alliance answers for operators to deploy NB-IoTFrom the demand side, Wireless Module More in line with the psychological expectations of consumers, willing to pay for the things they like. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　How is the network architecture of NB-IoT composed?

　　

　　Building vertical industry application of Internet of Things based on NB-IoT technology will tend to be simpler and the division of labor will be clearer.

　　

　　How do domestic and foreign operators divide the frequency bands of NB-IoT?

　　

　　Most operators in the world use the 900MHz frequency band to deploy NB-IoT, and some operators deploy it in the 800MHz frequency band. China Unicom’s NB-IoT is deployed in 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands, and only 900MHz can be tested at present. In order to build the NB-IoT Internet of Things, China Mobile will obtain the FDD license and allow the existing 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands to be re-cultivated. China Telecom’s NB-IoT is deployed in the 800MHz band, with a frequency of only 5MHz.

　　

　　NB-IoT network deployment schedule?

　　

　　In 2016, China Unicom launched NB-IoT field-scale networking tests based on 900MHz and 1800MHz in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan), as well as more than six business application demonstrations. In 2018, the commercial deployment of NB-IoT will be fully promoted nationwide. China Mobile plans to start the commercialization of NB-IoT in 2017. China Telecom plans to deploy NB-IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei and six operators (China Unicom, China Mobile, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica and Italia Telecom) set up six NB-IoT open laboratories around the world, focusing on NB-IoT business innovation, industry development, interoperability testing and product compatibility verification. ZTE and China Mobile completed the technical verification demonstration of NB-IoT protocol in the laboratory of China Mobile’s 5G Joint Innovation Center.

　　

　　Can non-operators deploy NB-IoT networks?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT need real-name registration system?

　　

　　All needs, tracked to the responsible subject.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT all adopt eSIM?

　　

　　The product features of NB-IoT are that it can work without installation and configuration, and it can be directly connected to the network by booting, and it supports functions such as automatic equipment registration and air upgrade. SIM card and eSIM will coexist for a long time, and operators refuse the soft SIM mode.

　　

　　What is the operator’s plan to quit the 2G/3G network?

　　

　　China Unicom may gradually close its 2G network in 2018, and in some places it may close its 3G network. Japan’s mobile operators have all shut down 2G networks, and AT&T in the United States, Telstra and Optus in Australia have announced plans to shut down 2G networks. Telenor plans to close its 3G network in Norway in 2020, followed by its 2G network in 2025. Some operators consider that there are more than 100 million GPRS IOT terminals and low-end GSM mobile phones for a long time, and the cost of GSM is lower than that of LTE for a long time because of its low complexity and no patent fees. Therefore, most operators will maintain the GSM frequency band to continue their operations for a long time.

　　

　　Do operators support NB-IoT roaming?

　　

　　The answer is no.

　　

　　How can operators ensure the stability of NB-IoT network?

　　

　　NB-IoT is directly deployed in GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, which can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrade. However, the use of a separate 180KHz frequency band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of existing networks, ensuring that traditional services and future Internet of Things services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time.

　　

　　The control and bearer of NB-IoT are separated, with signaling on the control plane and data on the bearer plane. If it is a low-rate service, it goes directly to the control plane, and no dedicated bearer is established, which omits the signaling process of establishing a link between NAS and the core network and shortens the wake-up recovery delay. NB-IoT is an operational telecommunications network. This is the key to distinguish NB-IoT from GPRS, LoRa, SigFox and other technologies.

　　

　　How can operators make use of NB-IoT network to make profits?

　　

　　Operators’ existing areas such as QoS service quality assurance, network security, telecom-level billing and big data services continue to maintain their industry advantages. NB-IoT network allows operators to strengthen their business service capabilities in the field of Internet of Things, including cloud service provision, mass customer management, real-name authentication of Internet of Things, system general contracting integration, and high-end customized services for large customers.

　　

　　Price issues related to NB-IoT?

　　

　　Operator’s charges: one is based on flow and the other is based on message, and the trend will be lower than the price of GPRS cost chip: lower than the price of 2G main chip, with a reasonable expected price of $1. Module price: lower than the price of GPRS module, with a reasonable expected price of $2. Terminal price: pricing maintenance cost according to actual function: far lower than the existing network maintenance cost subsidy policy: operators will provide larger operating subsidies in the early stage.

　　

　　2. List of questions and answers about NB-IoT technology.

　　

　　Will NB-IoT standard support TDD LTE?

　　

　　At present, FDD LTE system supports NB-IoT technology, while TDD LTE system does not support NB-IoT technology. The physical layer design of NB-IoT mostly follows LTE system technology, such as SC-FDMA for uplink and OFDM for downlink. The design of high-level protocol follows LTE protocol, and its function is enhanced according to its small data packet, low power consumption and large connection characteristics. The core network is connected based on S1 interface, which supports independent deployment and upgrade deployment.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support base station positioning?

　　

　　R13 does not support base station location, but the operator network can do private solutions, such as location based on cell ID, which will not affect the terminal, and only need the network to increase the location server and contact with the base station. R14 plans to enhance positioning, supporting E-CID, UTDOA or OTDOA, and the operator’s desired positioning accuracy target is within 50 meters.

　　

　　Considering the terminal complexity, UTDOA is better, because it has little influence on the terminal, and in the case of enhanced coverage (basement 164dB), UTDOA (uplink) power consumption is lower; If coverage enhancement is not needed in most scenarios, OTDOA (downlink) will be better from the perspective of network capacity.

　　

　　What are the deployment methods of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports three different deployment modes, namely independent deployment, guard band deployment and in-band deployment. Independent deployment: A separate frequency band can be used, which is suitable for re-cultivation in GSM frequency band. Guard band deployment: The marginal useless frequency band in LTE system can be utilized. In-band deployment: Any resource block in the middle of LTE carrier can be utilized.

　　

　　What modulation and demodulation technology does NB-IoT use?

　　

　　OFDMA is used for downlink, and the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz. The uplink adopts SC-FDMA, single-tone: 3.75kHz/15kHz, and multi-tone: 15kHz. Only need to support half duplex, with a separate synchronization signal. The terminal supports the indication of Single-tone and Multi-tone capabilities. The MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC layer processing is based on the existing LTE processes and protocols, and the physical layer is optimized.

　　

　　What are the number of connected users and active users of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has 50-100 times the uplink capacity improvement compared with 2G/3G/4G, and NB-IoT can provide 50-100 times the access number compared with the existing wireless technology under the same base station. Under the frequency of 200KHz, according to the simulation test data, a single base station cell can support 50,000 NB-IoT terminals to access.

　　

　　What is the coverage of NB-IoT base station?

　　

　　NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB higher than that of LTE and GPRS base stations, and it is expected to cover underground garages, basements, underground pipelines and other places where signals are difficult to reach. According to the simulation test data, in the independent deployment mode, the coverage capacity of NB-IoT can reach 164dB, and the in-band deployment and guard band deployment need to be simulated and tested.

　　

　　What is the uplink and downlink transmission rate of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT RF bandwidth is 200kHz. Downlink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250kbps. Uplink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250 kbps (multi-tone)/200 kbps (single-tone).

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support retransmission mechanism?

　　

　　NB-IoT adopts retransmission (up to 200 times) and low-order modulation to enhance coverage.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT support voice?

　　

　　NB-IoT supports Push to Talk without coverage enhancement. In the scenario of enhanced coverage of 20dB, only similar voicemails can be supported. NB-IoT does not support VoLTE, which requires too high delay, and the high-level protocol stack needs QoS guarantee, which will increase the cost.

　　

　　Why does the chip of NB-IoT consume low power?

　　

　　The energy consumed by a device is related to the amount or rate of data, and the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the size of power consumption. NB-IoT introduces eDRX power saving technology and PSM power saving mode, which further reduces power consumption and prolongs battery life. NB-IoT can keep devices online all the time, but it can save power by reducing unnecessary signaling and not accepting paging information when in PSM state.

　　

　　In PSM mode, the terminal is still registered in the network, but the signaling is unreachable, which makes the terminal stay in deep sleep for a longer time to save electricity. EDRX power saving technology further prolongs the sleep period of the terminal in idle mode, reduces unnecessary startup of the receiving unit, and greatly improves the downlink accessibility compared with PSM.

　　

　　Does NB-IoT sleep wake-up mode affect battery life?

　　

　　At present, the working time given by NB-IoT is based on simulation data, without considering the battery itself and environmental factors, such as self-discharge and aging of the battery, high and low temperature environmental impact, etc. In actual use, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the power supply time of the battery according to the actual situation. NB-IoT adopts the power-saving scheme of sleep wake-up. When the battery is awakened during sleep, it will receive instantaneous strong current, which will greatly affect the battery life. The application of meter reading usually adopts lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery and super capacitor. Consumer electronics and others should be powered by li-polymer.

　　

　　Why are NB-IoT chips cheap?

　　

　　Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth bring low cost advantages. Low speed: it means that no large cache is needed, so the cache can be small and the DSP configuration is low; Low power consumption: it means that RF design requirements are low, and small PA can be realized; Low bandwidth: It means that there is no need for complicated equalization algorithm … These factors make the NB-IoT chip small, so the cost will be reduced.

　　

　　Taking a certain chip as an example, NB-IoT chip integrates BB, AP, Flash and battery management, and reserves the function of sensor set. The AP includes three ARM-M0 cores, and each M0 core is responsible for the application, security and communication functions respectively, which facilitates the function management and reduces the cost and power consumption.

　　

　　What is the range of NB-IoT to the device movement rate?

　　

　　NB-IoT is suitable for application scenarios with weak mobility support (such as intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, etc.), while simplifying the complexity of the terminal and reducing the power consumption of the terminal. NB-IoT does not support mobility management in connected state, including related measurement, measurement report, handover, etc.

　　

　　What is the network delay of NB-IoT?

　　

　　NB-IoT allows a delay of about 10s, but it can support a lower delay, such as about 6s, in the environment of maximum coupling loss.

　　

　　3. Deployment of NB-IoT technology in various vertical application fields of the Internet of Things.

　　

　　What is the deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application?

　　

　　The deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application field includes hardware cost, network cost, installation cost and service cost. If we want to realize the scale of application field, we must reduce the deployment cost.

　　

　　What is the focus of NB-IoT in vertical application field?

　　

　　NB-IoT technology can meet the requirements of low-rate services with low power consumption, long standby, deep coverage and large capacity, and is more suitable for static services, low sensitivity to time delay, discontinuous movement and real-time data transmission. 1. Autonomous anomaly reporting business types: such as smoke alarm detectors, abnormal equipment operation, etc. The uplink data volume is extremely small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in years and months. 2. Business types of autonomous periodic reporting: such as remote meter reading of public utilities and environmental monitoring, etc. The uplink data volume is small (on the order of 100 bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 3. Service type of remote control instruction:

　　

　　For example, if the equipment is turned on/off remotely, and the equipment triggers to send an uplink report, the downlink data amount is very small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 4. Software remote update service type: such as software patch/update, and the uplink and downlink need a large amount of data (kilobyte level), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours.

　　In today¨s highly competitive business environment, it is crucial to drive sales growth and stay ahead of competitors. Companies need to adopt innovative marketing strategies to attract customers and increase profits. Window hanging advertising machines have become a powerful tool to increase sales.For the immediate pressure, advertising screen With its own coping style, it can break the predicament and usher in a new life through the quality of the product itself. https://chestnuter.com/

　　

　　window hanging advertising machines

　　

　　1. Understand its impact

　　

　　This dynamic display installed in the store window attracts customers with the power of vision. By placing it in a highly visible position, companies can easily reach their target audience, enhance the customer experience, create a lasting impression, and ultimately increase sales.

　　

　　2. Create visuals that attract attention

　　

　　The key to success is to create visually engaging content. Incorporating high-quality images and videos is essential, which should be eye-catching, clear, and convey a unique value proposition. Using color psychology can evoke specific emotions and influence customer behavior.

　　

　　3. Showcase product highlights and promotions

　　

　　This is an ideal platform for showcasing products and promotions. Strategically displaying best-selling or new products can spark curiosity and encourage potential customers to enter the store. Clearly display the unique advantages of the product and create a sense of urgency with limited-time offers.

　　

　　4. Personalize content for target audiences

　　

　　Segment customer groups based on demographics, preferences or behaviors to provide highly relevant information. Leverage data insights to better understand customers and create personalized experiences.

　　

　　5. Enhance in-store engagement and interactivity

　　

　　Incorporate technologies such as touch screens to encourage customers to interact with advertising machine displays. Integrate social media and user-generated content to promote authenticity and engagement. Incorporate gamification to create fun experiences and enhance brand loyalty.

　　

　　6. Optimize with data and analysis

　　

　　Track and analyze customer interactions with displays to provide insights and understand their effectiveness. Use data analysis tools to measure key performance indicators and improve information delivery through A/B testing.

　　

　　7. Overcome challenges and adopt best practices

　　

　　Although the potential is huge, issues such as glare and visibility need to be addressed. Proper maintenance and timely updating of content are essential. Work with professional designers to ensure visual appeal.

　　

　　Window hanging advertising machines are a transformative tool for boosting sales and driving business growth. By creating eye-catching visuals, showcasing products and promotions, and personalizing content, businesses can increase customer engagement and drive sales. Leveraging data analytics, overcoming challenges and implementing best practices ensures optimal performance and results. Forward-looking businesses should seize this opportunity to elevate their business to new heights.

　　Flat fiber ribbon cables, particularly those with 4 to 12 fibers, are crucial for high-performance data transmission in various applications. However, like any electronic component, they can encounter issues that affect performance. At Kecheng, we understand the complexities of fiber optic systems and are here to provide expert advice on troubleshooting common problems with flat fiber ribbon cables.consequently fiber optic patch cable I also got a lot of attention and wanted to join the ranks. https://kechengdg.com/

　　

　　4 – 12 fibers cable

　　

　　1. No Signal Transmission

　　

　　Problem: If the flat fiber ribbon cable is not transmitting signals, it could be due to several factors such as poor connections or damage.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Check Fiber Connections: Ensure that all fiber connectors are properly seated and secured. Loose or improperly connected fibers can lead to signal loss.

　　

　　Inspect Fiber Ends: Examine the ends of the fiber cables for damage or contamination. Clean the fiber ends using a lint-free cloth and optical cleaning solution if necessary.

　　

　　Verify Signal Path: Use an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to check for breaks or faults in the fiber path. An OTDR can help identify the location and severity of any signal loss.

　　

　　2. Signal Degradation

　　

　　Problem: Signal degradation can manifest as reduced performance or errors in data transmission, which might be caused by various factors.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Evaluate Fiber Bend Radius: Ensure that the cable is not bent beyond its minimum bend radius. Excessive bending can cause signal loss and degradation.

　　

　　Inspect for Physical Damage: Check the cable for any signs of physical damage, such as kinks, cuts, or abrasions. Damaged fibers should be replaced to restore optimal performance.

　　

　　Test Fiber Splices: If the ribbon cable has splices, verify that they are properly executed and have minimal splice loss. Poor splicing can lead to increased attenuation and signal degradation.

　　

　　3. Connectivity Issues

　　

　　Problem: Connectivity issues can occur if the ribbon cable is not properly connected or if there are compatibility issues with connectors.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Check Connector Compatibility: Ensure that the connectors used are compatible with the fiber ribbon cable and the equipment. Mismatched connectors can cause connectivity problems.

　　

　　Inspect Connectors for Damage: Examine connectors for any visible signs of damage, such as cracks or bent pins. Replace damaged connectors as needed.

　　

　　Verify Polarity: Confirm that the connectors are correctly aligned and that the polarity matches between the cable and the equipment.

　　

　　4. High Insertion Loss

　　

　　Problem: High insertion loss can affect the efficiency of signal transmission, and it may be caused by improper connections or damaged fibers.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Measure Insertion Loss: Use an optical power meter and light source to measure insertion loss. Compare the measured values to the specifications provided by the manufacturer.

　　

　　Check for Fiber Cleanliness: Ensure that the fiber ends are clean and free from dust or debris. Use appropriate cleaning tools to maintain fiber cleanliness.

　　

　　Inspect Fiber Quality: Verify that the fiber ribbon cable meets the required specifications for insertion loss. Poor quality or damaged fibers can lead to increased loss.

　　

　　5. Crosstalk and Interference

　　

　　Problem: Crosstalk or interference can occur if the fibers are not properly shielded or if there is electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the environment.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Ensure Proper Shielding: Check that the fiber ribbon cable is properly shielded to protect against external interference. Use shielded cables if necessary.

　　

　　Minimize EMI Exposure: Position the cable away from sources of electromagnetic interference, such as power lines or electronic equipment.

　　

　　Check for Crosstalk: Use appropriate testing equipment to detect crosstalk between fibers. Ensure that the fibers are correctly isolated to prevent interference.

　　

　　6. Installation Issues

　　

　　Problem: Improper installation of the fiber ribbon cable can lead to various issues, including performance degradation and physical damage.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Follow Installation Guidelines: Adhere to the manufacturer’s installation guidelines and best practices for handling and routing the fiber ribbon cable.

　　

　　Avoid Excessive Tension: Ensure that the cable is not subjected to excessive tension during installation. Use proper cable management techniques to prevent stress on the fibers.

　　

　　Secure Cable Properly: Use cable ties or other securing methods to keep the fiber ribbon cable in place and avoid movement that could lead to damage.

　　

　　7. Environmental Factors

　　

　　Problem: Environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations or humidity can affect the performance of fiber ribbon cables.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Maintain Optimal Environment: Ensure that the installation environment is within the recommended temperature and humidity ranges specified by the manufacturer.

　　

　　Protect from Harsh Conditions: Use protective enclosures or conduits to shield the fiber ribbon cable from extreme temperatures, moisture, or physical damage.

　　

　　8. Consult Documentation and Resources

　　

　　Problem: Troubleshooting may be challenging without access to detailed information.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Review Technical Documentation: Consult the technical datasheet and installation guide for the fiber ribbon cable. These documents provide valuable information on specifications, installation procedures, and troubleshooting tips.

　　

　　Utilize Manufacturer Resources: Reach out to the manufacturer for additional support or to access troubleshooting resources such as application notes or technical support teams.

　　

　　9. Seek Professional Assistance

　　

　　Problem: If troubleshooting steps do not resolve the issue, professional help may be required.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Contact Technical Support: Reach out to the manufacturer¨s technical support team for expert assistance. They can provide guidance and help diagnose complex issues.

　　

　　Engage with Industry Experts: Consult with industry experts or experienced technicians who can offer valuable insights and solutions based on their expertise.

　　

　　Conclusion

　　

　　Troubleshooting issues with 4 to 12 fibers flat fiber ribbon cables requires a systematic approach to diagnosing and resolving common problems. By checking connections, inspecting for physical damage, and addressing environmental factors, you can effectively resolve most issues. If needed, consult documentation or seek professional assistance to ensure optimal performance.

　　

　　At Kecheng, we are committed to supporting you with expert advice and solutions for your fiber optic needs. For further support or questions, don¨t hesitate to reach out to our knowledgeable team. Happy troubleshooting!

　　Application process of RTK radio network modeAccording to related reports, RF Module To a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　1, instrument erection

　　

　　Complete the hardware erection and configuration of the reference station and mobile station, and build the hardware environment for the operation.

　　

　　2. New projects

　　

　　Create engineering, configure basic information such as parameters and coordinates, and complete the data foundation needed for the operation.

　　

　　3. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Match the plane coordinates required by the project with the default latitude and longitude coordinates, and directly obtain the required target reference frame coordinates in the operation. /4, single point correction

　　

　　Input the known plane coordinates of the measuring point and correct the parameter differences between different coordinate systems. (It can be skipped after parameter calculation, but it needs to be corrected every time the base station restarts.)

　　

　　4. Check the known points

　　

　　Measure at known points to confirm whether the parameter transformation between different coordinate systems is accurate and effective.

　　

　　5, measurement and lofting

　　

　　Carry out survey or lofting operations in the operation area to obtain the target results.

　　

　　6. Data export

　　

　　Export data from the notebook and copy it to the computer for office processing.

　　

　　Use process of RTK radio mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Load the battery and turn it on.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “radio station”, set the corresponding radio channel, select the appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, and click “Start the base station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station.

　　

　　When the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　Similar to the reference station, the host is set as “mobile station” and the host data link is set as “radio station”, and the radio channel corresponding to the reference station is set.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, point measurement and lofting can be carried out.

　　

　　Application process of RTK radio network mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Insert the SIM card, load the battery, and start the machine.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “network”.

　　

　　Set the network mode. Customize “Host Settings”, “Network Settings”, “Add” and “Name”, select EAGLE for “Mode”, GPGGA/CDMA for “Connection”, fill in cmnet for “APN”, enter the IP address and corresponding port, set the user name and password, and generally set the access point as the base station host body number to facilitate identification and prevent duplication. Click “OK” after setting.

　　

　　Select an appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, click “Start Base Station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station, and when the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　In a way similar to the base station, set the host as a mobile station and the data link of the host as a network. According to the setting of the base station, select “NTRIP-UDS” as the Mode, enter the corresponding IP address, port, user name, password and access point, and click “OK” and “Connect” until the GPGGA data is successfully uploaded.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, RTK radio station can carry out point measurement and lofting.

　　Application process of RTK radio network modein other words Wireless Module It is possible to develop in a good direction, and there are still many places worth looking forward to in the future. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　1, instrument erection

　　

　　Complete the hardware erection and configuration of the reference station and mobile station, and build the hardware environment for the operation.

　　

　　2. New projects

　　

　　Create engineering, configure basic information such as parameters and coordinates, and complete the data foundation needed for the operation.

　　

　　3. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Match the plane coordinates required by the project with the default latitude and longitude coordinates, and directly obtain the required target reference frame coordinates in the operation. /4, single point correction

　　

　　Input the known plane coordinates of the measuring point and correct the parameter differences between different coordinate systems. (It can be skipped after parameter calculation, but it needs to be corrected every time the base station restarts.)

　　

　　4. Check the known points

　　

　　Measure at known points to confirm whether the parameter transformation between different coordinate systems is accurate and effective.

　　

　　5, measurement and lofting

　　

　　Carry out survey or lofting operations in the operation area to obtain the target results.

　　

　　6. Data export

　　

　　Export data from the notebook and copy it to the computer for office processing.

　　

　　Use process of RTK radio mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Load the battery and turn it on.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “radio station”, set the corresponding radio channel, select the appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, and click “Start the base station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station.

　　

　　When the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　Similar to the reference station, the host is set as “mobile station” and the host data link is set as “radio station”, and the radio channel corresponding to the reference station is set.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, point measurement and lofting can be carried out.

　　

　　Application process of RTK radio network mode

　　

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　

　　Insert the SIM card, load the battery, and start the machine.

　　

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “network”.

　　

　　Set the network mode. Customize “Host Settings”, “Network Settings”, “Add” and “Name”, select EAGLE for “Mode”, GPGGA/CDMA for “Connection”, fill in cmnet for “APN”, enter the IP address and corresponding port, set the user name and password, and generally set the access point as the base station host body number to facilitate identification and prevent duplication. Click “OK” after setting.

　　

　　Select an appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, click “Start Base Station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station, and when the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　

　　In a way similar to the base station, set the host as a mobile station and the data link of the host as a network. According to the setting of the base station, select “NTRIP-UDS” as the Mode, enter the corresponding IP address, port, user name, password and access point, and click “OK” and “Connect” until the GPGGA data is successfully uploaded.

　　

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　

　　3. Parameter setting

　　

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　

　　5, single point correction

　　

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　

　　6. Measure

　　

　　After completing the above steps, RTK radio station can carry out point measurement and lofting.

　　Flat fiber ribbon cables, particularly those with 4 to 12 fibers, are crucial for high-performance data transmission in various applications. However, like any electronic component, they can encounter issues that affect performance. At Kecheng, we understand the complexities of fiber optic systems and are here to provide expert advice on troubleshooting common problems with flat fiber ribbon cables.At first, network cable It developed out of control and gradually opened up a sky of its own. https://kechengdg.com/

　　

　　4 – 12 fibers cable

　　

　　1. No Signal Transmission

　　

　　Problem: If the flat fiber ribbon cable is not transmitting signals, it could be due to several factors such as poor connections or damage.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Check Fiber Connections: Ensure that all fiber connectors are properly seated and secured. Loose or improperly connected fibers can lead to signal loss.

　　

　　Inspect Fiber Ends: Examine the ends of the fiber cables for damage or contamination. Clean the fiber ends using a lint-free cloth and optical cleaning solution if necessary.

　　

　　Verify Signal Path: Use an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to check for breaks or faults in the fiber path. An OTDR can help identify the location and severity of any signal loss.

　　

　　2. Signal Degradation

　　

　　Problem: Signal degradation can manifest as reduced performance or errors in data transmission, which might be caused by various factors.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Evaluate Fiber Bend Radius: Ensure that the cable is not bent beyond its minimum bend radius. Excessive bending can cause signal loss and degradation.

　　

　　Inspect for Physical Damage: Check the cable for any signs of physical damage, such as kinks, cuts, or abrasions. Damaged fibers should be replaced to restore optimal performance.

　　

　　Test Fiber Splices: If the ribbon cable has splices, verify that they are properly executed and have minimal splice loss. Poor splicing can lead to increased attenuation and signal degradation.

　　

　　3. Connectivity Issues

　　

　　Problem: Connectivity issues can occur if the ribbon cable is not properly connected or if there are compatibility issues with connectors.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Check Connector Compatibility: Ensure that the connectors used are compatible with the fiber ribbon cable and the equipment. Mismatched connectors can cause connectivity problems.

　　

　　Inspect Connectors for Damage: Examine connectors for any visible signs of damage, such as cracks or bent pins. Replace damaged connectors as needed.

　　

　　Verify Polarity: Confirm that the connectors are correctly aligned and that the polarity matches between the cable and the equipment.

　　

　　4. High Insertion Loss

　　

　　Problem: High insertion loss can affect the efficiency of signal transmission, and it may be caused by improper connections or damaged fibers.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Measure Insertion Loss: Use an optical power meter and light source to measure insertion loss. Compare the measured values to the specifications provided by the manufacturer.

　　

　　Check for Fiber Cleanliness: Ensure that the fiber ends are clean and free from dust or debris. Use appropriate cleaning tools to maintain fiber cleanliness.

　　

　　Inspect Fiber Quality: Verify that the fiber ribbon cable meets the required specifications for insertion loss. Poor quality or damaged fibers can lead to increased loss.

　　

　　5. Crosstalk and Interference

　　

　　Problem: Crosstalk or interference can occur if the fibers are not properly shielded or if there is electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the environment.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Ensure Proper Shielding: Check that the fiber ribbon cable is properly shielded to protect against external interference. Use shielded cables if necessary.

　　

　　Minimize EMI Exposure: Position the cable away from sources of electromagnetic interference, such as power lines or electronic equipment.

　　

　　Check for Crosstalk: Use appropriate testing equipment to detect crosstalk between fibers. Ensure that the fibers are correctly isolated to prevent interference.

　　

　　6. Installation Issues

　　

　　Problem: Improper installation of the fiber ribbon cable can lead to various issues, including performance degradation and physical damage.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Follow Installation Guidelines: Adhere to the manufacturer’s installation guidelines and best practices for handling and routing the fiber ribbon cable.

　　

　　Avoid Excessive Tension: Ensure that the cable is not subjected to excessive tension during installation. Use proper cable management techniques to prevent stress on the fibers.

　　

　　Secure Cable Properly: Use cable ties or other securing methods to keep the fiber ribbon cable in place and avoid movement that could lead to damage.

　　

　　7. Environmental Factors

　　

　　Problem: Environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations or humidity can affect the performance of fiber ribbon cables.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Maintain Optimal Environment: Ensure that the installation environment is within the recommended temperature and humidity ranges specified by the manufacturer.

　　

　　Protect from Harsh Conditions: Use protective enclosures or conduits to shield the fiber ribbon cable from extreme temperatures, moisture, or physical damage.

　　

　　8. Consult Documentation and Resources

　　

　　Problem: Troubleshooting may be challenging without access to detailed information.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Review Technical Documentation: Consult the technical datasheet and installation guide for the fiber ribbon cable. These documents provide valuable information on specifications, installation procedures, and troubleshooting tips.

　　

　　Utilize Manufacturer Resources: Reach out to the manufacturer for additional support or to access troubleshooting resources such as application notes or technical support teams.

　　

　　9. Seek Professional Assistance

　　

　　Problem: If troubleshooting steps do not resolve the issue, professional help may be required.

　　

　　Solution:

　　

　　Contact Technical Support: Reach out to the manufacturer¨s technical support team for expert assistance. They can provide guidance and help diagnose complex issues.

　　

　　Engage with Industry Experts: Consult with industry experts or experienced technicians who can offer valuable insights and solutions based on their expertise.

　　

　　Conclusion

　　

　　Troubleshooting issues with 4 to 12 fibers flat fiber ribbon cables requires a systematic approach to diagnosing and resolving common problems. By checking connections, inspecting for physical damage, and addressing environmental factors, you can effectively resolve most issues. If needed, consult documentation or seek professional assistance to ensure optimal performance.

　　

　　At Kecheng, we are committed to supporting you with expert advice and solutions for your fiber optic needs. For further support or questions, don¨t hesitate to reach out to our knowledgeable team. Happy troubleshooting!

　　In recent years, commercial outdoor digital advertising machines have become an important tool for enterprises to improve customer experience and increase revenue. These interactive touch screen displays offer multiple advantages over traditional signage and paper advertising. This article will explore how outdoor advertising can significantly increase retail store traffic and contribute to business success.To get brand praise, outdoor advertising screen It is necessary to have the spirit of constantly improving the quality of products, but also to have a bunch of eternal heart fire. https://chestnuter.com/

　　

　　outdoor digital advertising

　　

　　Understanding Commercial Outdoor Digital Signage

　　

　　Before we dive into the benefits of commercial outdoor digital signage, let¨s first understand their basic concepts. Commercial outdoor digital signage is a large interactive display placed outside a business or in high-traffic areas that combines high-quality graphics and video with touchscreen technology to create a memorable and engaging experience for customers.

　　

　　Types of Commercial Outdoor Digital Signage

　　

　　You can select from many types of commercial outdoor digital signage based on the needs of your business. Floor-standing signage, all-in-one interactive signage, and wall-mounted signage are some common examples. Each type of display provides unique benefits; therefore, you can customize them to meet specific goals and enhance their effectiveness.

　　

　　Vertical advertising machine: Suitable for businesses that provide information or services in a specific location.

　　

　　Interactive all-in-one machine: Helps customers navigate complex environments, provides maps and directions, and can also display information about nearby stores or restaurants.

　　

　　Wall-mounted advertising machines: Used to display advertising and promotional content, these screens are updated in real time to reflect inventory or pricing changes; thus, they attract customer attention and increase sales.

　　

　　Commercial outdoor digital advertising machines are a powerful tool for driving traffic to retail stores. Based on this powerful tool, companies can achieve greater customer attraction; consequently, they can also realize more business success.

　　JZX891 data transmission module is a high-integration micro-power half-duplex wireless data transmission module, which adopts “SI” high-performance RF chip and high-speed single chip microcomputer. The module provides 8 channels, adopts national measurement frequency points, and is equipped with professional setting software for users to change parameters. The module adopts transparent transmission mode, and can transmit data of any size without the need for users to write setting and transmission programs. The module is small in size, wide in operating voltage and convenient to use.So, Wireless Module On the contrary, there is still a lot of room to play. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Functional features:

　　

　　* Working frequency is 470-510MHz.

　　

　　* Transmission distance is 1500m (1200bps).

　　

　　* GFSK modulation method

　　

　　* transparent transmission mode

　　

　　* Built-in watchdog to ensure long-term reliable operation.

　　

　　* UART/TTL, RS232 and RS485 interfaces

　　

　　* Convenient and flexible software programming

　　

　　* Large 512bytes data buffer.

　　

　　* Suitable for built-in installation

　　

　　Scope of application:

　　

　　* Automatic meter reading and charging system for water, electricity, gas and heating;

　　

　　* intelligent wireless PDA terminal;

　　

　　* Wireless queuing equipment;

　　

　　* burglar alarm;

　　

　　:: Smart cards;

　　

　　* Automatic control of medical and electronic instruments;

　　

　　* Intelligent teaching equipment;

　　

　　* Intelligent control of household appliances and lighting;

　　

　　* wireless hanging scale, electronic scale for wireless transmission;

　　1. Wireless networkingFor the immediate pressure, Wireless Module With its own coping style, it can break the predicament and usher in a new life through the quality of the product itself. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Networking requirements: networking in a wireless way in a local area network to realize resource sharing among devices.

　　

　　Networking mode: wireless access points are placed in the center of local area network, and wireless network cards are installed on internet devices.

　　

　　2. Mesh connection

　　

　　Wireless mesh network is a pure wireless network system, and the APS in the network can be directly connected with each other through wireless channels.

　　

　　3. Regional-oriented mobile Internet service

　　

　　Networking requirements: provide mobile Internet service for mobile devices in this area in a large range.

　　

　　Networking mode: base stations are selected in the area, and wireless access points are placed at each base station to form multiple overlapping cells to cover the area to be networked. If the wireless ad hoc network module is installed on the mobile device, you can enjoy the mobile networking service within this range.

　　

　　4. Point to point connection

　　

　　 Wireless connection between single computer and computer network

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computers and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless network card external directional antenna on a single machine opposite to the network center.

　　

　　 Wireless connection between computer networks

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computer network and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the remote computer network opposite to the network center.

　　

　　5. Point to multipoint connection

　　

　　 Multi-point connection with different frequencies

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are three wired networks: A, B and C. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network and C network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network A, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network B opposite to network A; Another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the A network, and another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the C network, which is opposite to the second directional antenna of the A network.

　　

　　 Co-frequency multi-point connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are four wired networks: A, B, C and D. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network, C network and D network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: A wireless bridge external omni-directional antenna is installed on the A network, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the B network, the C network and the D network respectively, which is opposite to the A network, and the A network is connected with the B, C and D networks at the same frequency.

　　

　　6. Relay connection

　　

　　 Connection across obstacles

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between the two networks, but there are obstacles between the geographical locations of the two networks, and there is no visible path required for microwave transmission.

　　

　　Networking mode: By establishing a relay center, find a location where two networks can be seen at the same time and set up a relay point, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　 Long distance connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between two networks, but the distance between the two networks exceeds the maximum communication distance that can be achieved by point-to-point connection.

　　

　　Networking mode: establish a relay point between two networks, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　Wireless mesh network can form a broadband wireless communication network covering the city, provide wireless VOIP and mobile broadband multimedia communication services, and also provide metropolitan broadband wireless mobile access services for users in certain industries.

　　1. Wireless networkingThis shows that, Wireless Module It has a strong development pulse and is an indispensable source of power for the development of the industry. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　

　　Networking requirements: networking in a wireless way in a local area network to realize resource sharing among devices.

　　

　　Networking mode: wireless access points are placed in the center of local area network, and wireless network cards are installed on internet devices.

　　

　　2. Mesh connection

　　

　　Wireless mesh network is a pure wireless network system, and the APS in the network can be directly connected with each other through wireless channels.

　　

　　3. Regional-oriented mobile Internet service

　　

　　Networking requirements: provide mobile Internet service for mobile devices in this area in a large range.

　　

　　Networking mode: base stations are selected in the area, and wireless access points are placed at each base station to form multiple overlapping cells to cover the area to be networked. If the wireless ad hoc network module is installed on the mobile device, you can enjoy the mobile networking service within this range.

　　

　　4. Point to point connection

　　

　　 Wireless connection between single computer and computer network

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computers and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless network card external directional antenna on a single machine opposite to the network center.

　　

　　 Wireless connection between computer networks

　　

　　Networking requirements: realize wireless connection between remote computer network and computer network center.

　　

　　Networking mode: install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the computer network center, and install a wireless access point external directional antenna in the remote computer network opposite to the network center.

　　

　　5. Point to multipoint connection

　　

　　 Multi-point connection with different frequencies

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are three wired networks: A, B and C. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network and C network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network A, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed in network B opposite to network A; Another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the A network, and another wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the C network, which is opposite to the second directional antenna of the A network.

　　

　　 Co-frequency multi-point connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: There are four wired networks: A, B, C and D. A is the central network, and it is necessary to realize the wireless connection between A network and B network, C network and D network respectively.

　　

　　Networking mode: A wireless bridge external omni-directional antenna is installed on the A network, and a wireless bridge external directional antenna is installed on the B network, the C network and the D network respectively, which is opposite to the A network, and the A network is connected with the B, C and D networks at the same frequency.

　　

　　6. Relay connection

　　

　　 Connection across obstacles

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between the two networks, but there are obstacles between the geographical locations of the two networks, and there is no visible path required for microwave transmission.

　　

　　Networking mode: By establishing a relay center, find a location where two networks can be seen at the same time and set up a relay point, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　 Long distance connection

　　

　　Networking requirements: wireless networking should be realized between two networks, but the distance between the two networks exceeds the maximum communication distance that can be achieved by point-to-point connection.

　　

　　Networking mode: establish a relay point between two networks, so that the two networks can establish a connection through relay.

　　

　　Wireless mesh network can form a broadband wireless communication network covering the city, provide wireless VOIP and mobile broadband multimedia communication services, and also provide metropolitan broadband wireless mobile access services for users in certain industries.