Yearly Archives: 2025

　　In modern life, convenience has become a great pursuit of people. Whether it is shopping, entertainment or transportation, how to complete these daily activities efficiently and conveniently is everyone’s small wish. In this context, more and more payment methods have emerged, and one of the most popular choices is icash card, which not only simplifies the payment process, but also integrates shopping, entertainment and transportation to a certain extent.pass icash‘§∏∂ø® As can be seen from its market performance, it has strong vitality and strong appeal. https://www.icash.uno/

　　When it comes to shopping, icash point cards provide a wealth of choices. Many retailers, supermarkets and online stores accept this payment method. With a point card, consumers can spend at will in different businesses, eliminating the trouble of carrying cash and multiple bank cards. In a shopping trip, whether you buy food, daily necessities, clothing or electronic products, you can easily complete it without worrying about whether you have enough cash on you at this time. This convenience not only improves shopping.

　　When it comes to entertainment, icash card is also widely used. Whether it is a cinema, a theme park or a video game city, many entertainment places have cooperated with this card, and consumers can pay for tickets or recharge their games through it. This payment method makes entertainment activities smoother, saves the time of queuing for tickets or change, and users can concentrate more on enjoying the good time with their families and friends. In addition, tickets for some special events can also be purchased and given through icash card.

　　In terms of transportation, icash card also shows its unique value. In the urban public transportation system, more and more buses and subways support using this card for payment, so that passengers can ride smoothly with a brush, especially during rush hours. Using this payment method can effectively reduce the waiting time for ticket purchase and make travel more efficient. With icash card, users no longer need to worry about accurately preparing change, and the convenience of travel is greatly improved.

　　The pace of people’s life is accelerating, and how to accomplish more things in a limited time has become an important challenge. Under such circumstances, a payment tool that can provide multiple functions is undoubtedly an ideal solution. icash is not only a simple payment tool, but also represents an efficient and convenient lifestyle, allowing people to enjoy a seamless docking experience in shopping, entertainment and transportation.

　　Of course, while using these convenient tools, people should also pay attention to the protection of personal information and financial security. Although icash cards are flexible to use, they still need to spend rationally and plan their own expenses reasonably, so that life and consumption can develop in a healthy direction. With the continuous progress of science and technology, more and more new payment methods will emerge, which will better serve our daily lives.

　　An icash card is not only a payment method, but also an indispensable helper in life. Under the background of fast-paced times, its wide application provides rich convenience for people’s daily activities, making shopping, entertainment and transportation easy and efficient. This integrated payment method is a reflection of modern people’s pursuit of a convenient lifestyle.

　　In today¨s fast-paced world, staying connected is more important than ever. Whether you’re powering your smartphone, laptop, or other electronic devices, the type of charger you use can significantly impact your experience. This article explores the key differences between high-speed power adapters and standard chargers, helping you make an informed decision for your charging needs.As an important brand soul of the company, custom power adapter supplier Has outstanding performance, through the market test, still has a strong development trend. https://www.jyh-electronic.com/

　　Understanding High-Speed Power Adapters

　　A high-speed power adapter is designed to deliver power to your devices more quickly than standard chargers. These adapters utilize advanced technologies such as USB Power Delivery (USB-PD) and Qualcomm¨s Quick Charge to increase the rate at which power is transferred. As a result, devices can reach full charge in a fraction of the time compared to traditional chargers.

　　How Standard Chargers Work

　　Standard chargers typically operate at a fixed voltage and current, usually providing 5V and 1A (5W) or 2.1A (10W) of power. While reliable, these chargers charge devices at a slower pace. They are suitable for devices with lower power requirements or for situations where rapid charging is not necessary.

　　High-Speed Power Adapters vs. Standard Chargers: Whats the Difference?

　　Key Differences Between High-Speed Power Adapters and Standard Chargers

　　1. Charging Speed

　　The most obvious difference is the speed at which devices are charged. High-speed power adapters can deliver significantly higher wattage, often ranging from 18W to 100W or more. This allows compatible devices to charge much faster. For example, a high-speed adapter can charge a smartphone in about an hour, whereas a standard charger might take two hours or more.

　　2. Technology and Compatibility

　　High-speed power adapters incorporate advanced charging technologies like USB-PD, Quick Charge, and proprietary fast-charging protocols. These technologies negotiate the optimal power delivery based on the device¨s requirements, ensuring efficient and safe charging. On the other hand, standard chargers lack these intelligent features and deliver a consistent, lower power output.

　　3. Versatility

　　High-speed adapters are often more versatile, supporting a wide range of devices from smartphones and tablets to laptops and even some gaming consoles. Standard chargers are typically limited to lower-power devices and may not be suitable for high-demand electronics.

　　4. Safety Features

　　Both high-speed power adapters and standard chargers include safety features to protect against overcharging, overheating, and short circuits. However, high-speed adapters often come with more sophisticated safety mechanisms due to their higher power output and the complexity of their charging technologies.

　　5. Portability and Design

　　Standard chargers are generally more compact and lightweight, making them easier to carry around. High-speed adapters, while slightly larger, often include multiple ports and may require additional cables to support various devices. Despite this, many manufacturers strive to keep high-speed adapters as portable as possible without compromising performance.

　　When to Choose a High-Speed Power Adapter

　　Frequent Travelers

　　If you travel frequently, a high-speed power adapter can be a lifesaver, allowing you to charge multiple devices quickly between flights or while on the move.

　　Power-Intensive Devices

　　For devices that consume a lot of power, such as laptops, tablets, and gaming consoles, a high-speed adapter ensures that they charge efficiently without long waiting times.

　　Multi-Device Charging

　　High-speed adapters often come with multiple ports, enabling you to charge several devices simultaneously. This is ideal for households with multiple electronics or for office environments.

　　In today’s era of globalization, travel has become an indispensable part of people’s lives. Whether going abroad to visit relatives, having business talks, or traveling for a holiday, many people will choose to use international payment methods to facilitate transactions. Among them, icash card, as a new payment method, is favored by travelers because of its convenience and efficiency.precisely because icashµ„ø® The rapid development of, so also brought new opportunities to the industry. https://www.icash.uno/

　　Icash point card is a kind of prepaid card, users can recharge a certain amount in the card and then spend it in the merchants who support the card. This advantage enables travelers to avoid complicated currency exchange and ensure the safety of the consumption process when they use it abroad. In this way, not only the convenience of payment is improved, but also the risks brought by carrying a lot of cash are avoided.

　　In the actual use process, the application and recharge of icash cards are relatively simple. Travelers only need to apply for cards in designated channels in China and recharge them. After recharging, the amount in the cards will take effect immediately, which provides great convenience for subsequent consumption. In addition, icash cards also support multiple currencies, which means that users do not have to worry about the conversion between currencies when spending in different countries and regions. When using icash cards, Travelers can experience many advantages. First of all, this payment method greatly reduces the psychological burden when spending abroad. Because of pre-charging, users can control their own consumption within a certain range and avoid the financial burden caused by irrational consumption behavior. Secondly, icash cards usually have corresponding consumption records, which is convenient for users to inquire and manage their expenses at any time, so as to understand their financial situation more clearly.

　　When choosing to use icash card, travelers need to pay attention to several matters. First, make sure to know the applicability and scope of use of the card in the destination country in detail before going out. The acceptance of merchants in different regions may be different, so knowing in advance can avoid unnecessary troubles. Secondly, knowing the handling fee and exchange rate information of the card may lead to higher handling fees in some cases, although it is convenient to use the card. Users should weigh the pros and cons when choosing. In addition, security is also an aspect that travelers can’t ignore. Although icash cards have good security performance, it is still an effective way to protect personal financial security by taking some necessary protective measures, keeping the privacy of cards, checking consumption records regularly, finding abnormal transactions in time and replacing cards when necessary.

　　In order to enable travelers to use icash card more smoothly, many related platforms have also launched a wealth of online and offline services. Users can check the card balance and consumption records at any time through the mobile phone application, and the recharge is faster than the traditional way. Some travel agencies and airlines will also cooperate with this card to launch exclusive offers to add additional benefits to users’ travel.

　　With the acceleration of internationalization, more and more travelers begin to pay attention to the convenience and security of payment methods. In such a big environment, point card payment is undoubtedly a very recommended choice. Whether traveling short distances or long distances, carrying an icash point card can not only save time, but also enhance the travel experience. By using this payment tool reasonably, travelers can ensure their financial security and transparent consumption while enjoying their travels.

　　Laser pointer, a seemingly ordinary gadget, but you know what? They can cause damage to the camera. Let’s explore this question and how to avoid this potential risk.If we can practice these points, burning laser pointer Will be unique, become a leader in the industry, and keep moving forward. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　The essence of a laser is a highly concentrated beam of light with considerable energy. Although the power of the laser pointer is relatively low, it can still cause damage to the camera’s sensor if it is directly irradiated to the camera lens.

　　Irradiating a laser beam may cause damage to the sensor or even disable the camera. In indoor or outdoor environments, there is a potential risk as long as the camera is exposed to the laser beam.

　　For a better understanding, we can analyze the effect of lasers on cameras from a scientific point of view. Lasers have a high energy density, and photons are able to generate heat on the lens and sensor. This heat can damage the sensor’s structure, leading to a decrease in image quality or even malfunction.

　　According to multiple experimental reports on the Internet, the degree of damage to the camera caused by the laser pointer is related to the intensity of the laser and the irradiation time. Generally speaking, the power of ordinary laser pointers on the market, such as the one used for presentations, is usually around 5 milliwatts, and it will not cause much damage to the camera in a short time.

　　But if it’s a higher-powered laser pointer, such as a 3B-like laser, they generate enough heat to damage the camera after a long period of exposure.

　　So, if you accidentally shine a laser pointer on the camera, don’t worry too much, a brief contact is unlikely to cause permanent damage. But to be on the safe side, try to avoid this as much as possible.

　　However, this doesn’t mean that all cameras will be affected to the same extent. The material, design, and manufacturing quality of a sensor can affect its resistance to lasers. For example, some surveillance cameras may be equipped with special lenses or filters that are used to attenuate the effects of the laser beam, reducing the risk of damage.

　　To protect your camera, there are a few simple precautions you can take.

　　First of all, when using the laser pointer yourself, try to avoid shining the beam directly on the phone camera. Secondly, if you notice someone using a laser pointer (the same is true for spotlights on stage and concerts), especially near the camera, put away your phone in time and stop shooting directly to avoid potential dangers. Finally, when not using your phone, use a phone case or cover to protect the camera lens from the laser beam.

　　In practice, although laser pointers may have some impact on the camera, taking proper precautions and using them with caution can effectively reduce the potential risk of damage.

　　The above is an analysis of the damage that a laser pointer can cause to the camera. Do you understand? Feel free to leave a message in the comment area.

모모INTRODUCTIONAs we all know, laser pointer rechargeable The emergence of the market is worthy of many people’s attention, which has aroused the waves of the whole market. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

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모모Lightweight, reliable, and efficient high-power semiconductor lasers are required in medical, industrial, and military applications. Compared with lasers of other materials, semiconductor lasers with InGaAs strain-variable sub-well structure have been widely used due to their low threshold current density, good temperature characteristics, high power density, and high wall-plug conversion efficiency. Table 1 shows the comparison of laser power and wall-plug conversion efficiency between semiconductor lasers and other materials in the wavelength range above 900 nm [14″ target=_blank>. Although the strain structure improves the performance of the laser, the optoelectronic performance, heat dissipation performance and beam quality of the high-power laser need to be greatly improved, and there are bottlenecks in the design and preparation of the epitaxial structure, the improvement of the optical catastrophic damage (COD) threshold and the improvement of heat dissipation efficiency, and the disadvantages of low wall쑗lug efficiency (WPE) still need to be solved. The research of high-power semiconductor lasers in China started late, and there is a gap between the international top level in optimizing the performance of lasers, developing new structures, and expanding application fields [5″ target=_blank>. Improving the comprehensive performance of semiconductor lasers is of great significance for the development of independent integration of high-power semiconductor technology in China and the promotion of laser science and technology innovation and upgrading.

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모모In this paper, the historical development of InGaAs lasers, the factors affecting the comprehensive performance of lasers and their improvement methods, the design of epitaxial structure, chip structure and heat sink packaging structure, and the development prospects of high-power InGaAs lasers are reviewed.

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모모1 Historical development of high-power InGaAs quantum well lasers

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모모In 1984, Laidig et al. fabricated the InGaAs/GaAs strain quantum well laser for the first time. In 1991, Welch et al. [6″ target=_blank> realized a 980 nm wavelength InGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser (verticalexternal cavit). 酵鍾樵田龍界杞裸裸鶯富徵 inglaser, VCSEL) at room temperature. In 1994, Fan et al. [7″ target=_blank> achieved a 1.05W output of a multi-quantum well InGaAs laser. In 2004, Chilla et al. [8″ target=_blank> designed a vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser structure with an output power of 980 nmCW. Up to 30W. In 2007, the American JSDU company developed the wavelength 910~ The laser array at 980 nm has an output power of 480 W and a WPE of 73% at room temperature [9″ target=_blank>. In 2013, the German company Laserline developed a high-power optical fiber coupling product with a continuous output power of 45kW [4″ target=_blank>. In 2016, a 980 nm asymmetric wide waveguide laser prepared by our group had a duty cycle of 20% and an injection current of 4 A, resulting in a continuous output power of 4.1 W per tube [10″ target=_blank>. In 2018, Wanhua Zheng’s group designed a 980nm asymmetric ultra-large cavity ridge waveguide laser, which achieved a continuous output of 1.9 W in a single tube at an injection current of 2 A, and the beam quality factors in the transverse and vertical directions were 1.77 and 1.47, respectively [9″ target=_blank>. Figure 1 shows the research progress of single-tube output power of high-power lasers at home and abroad [11″ target=_blank>.

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　　INTRODUCTIONThis means that strong laser pointer high power It is the weather vane of the industry and can bring people great self-confidence. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　Since the birth of the laser in 1960, achieving high output power has been one of the eternal themes in the development of laser technology. The process of increasing laser energy is always accompanied by thermal energy, and thermal energy is useless in this process, “laser energy” and “thermal energy” are the highest and lowest quality forms of energy respectively, and the history of the development of high-power laser technology is a history of struggle with “waste heat”.

　　The first ruby laser[1″ target=_blank> that marked the birth of lasers in 1960 was a solid-state laser. Solid-state lasers usually use activated ion-doped crystals, ceramics and glass as the gain medium, and their gain medium forms include conventional bulk materials and low-dimensional materials represented by optical fibers. After the birth of solid-state lasers, on the one hand, the wavelength coverage was expanded, from the initial red light to short-wave green light, blue light, ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet development, long wavelength

　　Lasers have matured and commercialized in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and on the other hand, the laser pulse width has been narrowed from microseconds (μs) to nanoseconds (ns), picoseconds (ps), and femtoseconds (fs), and attosecond (AS) lasers are expected to be engineered [2-3″ target=_blank>. The realization of high output power in any application scenario is the common goal of laser technology development [4-6″ target=_blank>.

　　With the increase of pump power, the thermal effect inside the gain medium is significantly enhanced, and the heat generated cannot be removed from the medium in time through heat conduction, resulting in an increase in the internal temperature and temperature gradient of the medium, and the thermal lensing effect and stress birefringence effect caused by the internal thermal distortion seriously deteriorate the beam quality and limit the further increase in power [7″ target=_blank>. In order to suppress the thermal effect, researchers have designed different types of solid-state lasers, such as heat-capacity lasers, thin-slice lasers, slat lasers, and fiber lasers [8″ target=_blank>, with the core idea of improving heat dissipation efficiency. In this paper, the working characteristics and research progress of the above solid-state lasers are briefly reviewed. In addition, based on the current theoretical and experimental research on the thermal conductivity (κ) of crystalline materials, from the perspective of improving the thermal conductivity of gain dielectric materials, the thinking and prospect of solving the thermal effect problem are proposed.

　　1 High-power lasers

　　1. 1 heat capacity laser

　　Heat-capacity lasers reduce the thermal distortion of gain materials by separating the working phase of the laser from the heat dissipation phase in time. When the heat capacity laser is working, the gain medium is in an approximately adiabatic environment, and its internal temperature gradient is small, and the resulting thermal distortion is also small. The internal accumulation of waste heat increases the temperature of the gain medium, which must be forced to cool after a period of continuous operation, depending on the thermodynamic properties of the material itself. Because the gain medium does not dissipate heat from the outside during the laser operation stage, its surface temperature is higher than that inside, and the compressive stress on the surface can greatly increase the damage threshold of the medium, and the allowable laser pumping strength is 5 times that of the surface in the state of tension. The output of a heat-capacity laser depends on the product of the gain medium and the temperature range of the laser that it can generate, so it is not only required that the gain dielectric material have a large heat capacity value, but also that the luminescence efficiency of the internally activated ions is less affected by the increase in temperature [9″ target=_blank>.

　　As early as 1994, Walters et al. [10″ target=_blank> used a heat-capacity laser with flash-pumped rod-shaped neodymium glass as the gain medium to achieve a pulsed laser output with an average power of more than 1 kW and a duration of several seconds, proving the feasibility of the heat-capacity laser scheme. Subsequently, the Lawrence Livermore national laboratory (LLNL) in the United States used large-size Nd3+｜Glass, Nd3+｜Gd3 Ga5 O12 (GGG) crystals, and Nd3+｜Y3 Al5 O12 (YAG) ceramics as the gain medium to carry out the research of solid-state heat-capacity lasers (see Fig. 1) [11″ target=_blank>: In 2001, LLNL used flash lamps to pump 9 pieces10 The cm〜10 cm Nd3+｜Glass obtained a pulsed laser output with an average power of 13 kW. In 2004, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump four 10cm〜10 cm Nd3+:GGG crystals to achieve 45 kW laser output. In 2006, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump five 10 cm 〜 10 cm Nd3+:YAG ceramics with an output power of up to 67 kW and a pulse duration of 500 ms. By introducing a real-time adaptive optical correction system in the cavity, the beam quality control was within 2 times the diffraction limit, and the laser running time was increased to 5 s [12″ target=_blank>.

　　Heat-capacity lasers have two important limitations: (1) the laser beam quality degrades rapidly with the increase of light generation time [13″ target=_blank>; (2) The cooling time of the gain medium accounts for 80% of the entire working cycle, which determines that the heat capacity laser cannot work at high frequency, and the working time in seconds is difficult to meet the practical requirements.

　　1. 2 thin-slice lasers

　　The gain medium of the thin slice laser is a thin sheet with a thickness of less than 1 mm, which is fixed to a rigid substrate that dissipates heat by solder, and the bottom surface of the contact acts as a cooling surface and also acts as a reflective surface for the laser and pump light, and the other side acts as a high transmission surface. Since the direction of heat flow and the direction of laser propagation are basically the same, the wavefront distortion caused by the temperature gradient can be largely ignored, resulting in a high beam quality laser output. The advantage of thin-slice lasers is that they maintain high beam quality at high power outputs. Thin-slice lasers are available in two types of pumping methods: end-pumping and side-pumping, as shown in Figure 2 [14″ target=_blank>.

　　Due to the short propagation distance of light in a single sheet, the gain capacity is limited, and the maximum output power is currently 5 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and further power increases require the cascade of multiple lamella for amplification (see Figure 3 [16″ target=_blank>). In 2000, Stewen et al. [17″ target=_blank> achieved a continuous laser output of 647 W in a single Yb3+｜YAG thin slice by end-pumping, and a maximum laser output of 1070 W by combining four thin slices. In 2009, the Boeing Company pumped 10 Yb3+:YAG thin slices to obtain a laser output of 28 kW, with a laser duration of several seconds and a beam mass close to the diffraction limit [18″ target=_blank>. The commercial thin-slice laser developed by Trumpf in Germany is capable of producing a continuous laser with a stable output power of 18 kW. Theoretical calculations show that the maximum output power of a single sheet is about 30 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and it is clear that the current experimental results are still quite far from the theoretical value.

　　At present, the main problems of thin slice lasers are: (1) high requirements for crystal thin slice processing and welding process; (2) The gain capacity of a single sheet is limited, and the cascade of multiple pieces will make the optical path of the system extremely complex, which requires high precision assembly and adjustment ability of the system.

　　INTRODUCTIONIn order to achieve the goal, purple laser Turn cocoon into butterfly, constantly polish product quality, improve business ability, and finally have a place in the market. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/frontpage

　　Since the birth of the laser in 1960, achieving high output power has been one of the eternal themes in the development of laser technology. The process of increasing laser energy is always accompanied by thermal energy, and thermal energy is useless in this process, “laser energy” and “thermal energy” are the highest and lowest quality forms of energy respectively, and the history of the development of high-power laser technology is a history of struggle with “waste heat”.

　　The first ruby laser[1″ target=_blank> that marked the birth of lasers in 1960 was a solid-state laser. Solid-state lasers usually use activated ion-doped crystals, ceramics and glass as the gain medium, and their gain medium forms include conventional bulk materials and low-dimensional materials represented by optical fibers. After the birth of solid-state lasers, on the one hand, the wavelength coverage was expanded, from the initial red light to short-wave green light, blue light, ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet development, long wavelength

　　Lasers have matured and commercialized in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands, and on the other hand, the laser pulse width has been narrowed from microseconds (μs) to nanoseconds (ns), picoseconds (ps), and femtoseconds (fs), and attosecond (AS) lasers are expected to be engineered [2-3″ target=_blank>. The realization of high output power in any application scenario is the common goal of laser technology development [4-6″ target=_blank>.

　　With the increase of pump power, the thermal effect inside the gain medium is significantly enhanced, and the heat generated cannot be removed from the medium in time through heat conduction, resulting in an increase in the internal temperature and temperature gradient of the medium, and the thermal lensing effect and stress birefringence effect caused by the internal thermal distortion seriously deteriorate the beam quality and limit the further increase in power [7″ target=_blank>. In order to suppress the thermal effect, researchers have designed different types of solid-state lasers, such as heat-capacity lasers, thin-slice lasers, slat lasers, and fiber lasers [8″ target=_blank>, with the core idea of improving heat dissipation efficiency. In this paper, the working characteristics and research progress of the above solid-state lasers are briefly reviewed. In addition, based on the current theoretical and experimental research on the thermal conductivity (κ) of crystalline materials, from the perspective of improving the thermal conductivity of gain dielectric materials, the thinking and prospect of solving the thermal effect problem are proposed.

　　1 High-power lasers

　　1. 1 heat capacity laser

　　Heat-capacity lasers reduce the thermal distortion of gain materials by separating the working phase of the laser from the heat dissipation phase in time. When the heat capacity laser is working, the gain medium is in an approximately adiabatic environment, and its internal temperature gradient is small, and the resulting thermal distortion is also small. The internal accumulation of waste heat increases the temperature of the gain medium, which must be forced to cool after a period of continuous operation, depending on the thermodynamic properties of the material itself. Because the gain medium does not dissipate heat from the outside during the laser operation stage, its surface temperature is higher than that inside, and the compressive stress on the surface can greatly increase the damage threshold of the medium, and the allowable laser pumping strength is 5 times that of the surface in the state of tension. The output of a heat-capacity laser depends on the product of the gain medium and the temperature range of the laser that it can generate, so it is not only required that the gain dielectric material have a large heat capacity value, but also that the luminescence efficiency of the internally activated ions is less affected by the increase in temperature [9″ target=_blank>.

　　As early as 1994, Walters et al. [10″ target=_blank> used a heat-capacity laser with flash-pumped rod-shaped neodymium glass as the gain medium to achieve a pulsed laser output with an average power of more than 1 kW and a duration of several seconds, proving the feasibility of the heat-capacity laser scheme. Subsequently, the Lawrence Livermore national laboratory (LLNL) in the United States used large-size Nd3+｜Glass, Nd3+｜Gd3 Ga5 O12 (GGG) crystals, and Nd3+｜Y3 Al5 O12 (YAG) ceramics as the gain medium to carry out the research of solid-state heat-capacity lasers (see Fig. 1) [11″ target=_blank>: In 2001, LLNL used flash lamps to pump 9 pieces10 The cm〜10 cm Nd3+｜Glass obtained a pulsed laser output with an average power of 13 kW. In 2004, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump four 10cm〜10 cm Nd3+:GGG crystals to achieve 45 kW laser output. In 2006, LLNL used a laser diode array to pump five 10 cm 〜 10 cm Nd3+:YAG ceramics with an output power of up to 67 kW and a pulse duration of 500 ms. By introducing a real-time adaptive optical correction system in the cavity, the beam quality control was within 2 times the diffraction limit, and the laser running time was increased to 5 s [12″ target=_blank>.

　　Heat-capacity lasers have two important limitations: (1) the laser beam quality degrades rapidly with the increase of light generation time [13″ target=_blank>; (2) The cooling time of the gain medium accounts for 80% of the entire working cycle, which determines that the heat capacity laser cannot work at high frequency, and the working time in seconds is difficult to meet the practical requirements.

　　1. 2 thin-slice lasers

　　The gain medium of the thin slice laser is a thin sheet with a thickness of less than 1 mm, which is fixed to a rigid substrate that dissipates heat by solder, and the bottom surface of the contact acts as a cooling surface and also acts as a reflective surface for the laser and pump light, and the other side acts as a high transmission surface. Since the direction of heat flow and the direction of laser propagation are basically the same, the wavefront distortion caused by the temperature gradient can be largely ignored, resulting in a high beam quality laser output. The advantage of thin-slice lasers is that they maintain high beam quality at high power outputs. Thin-slice lasers are available in two types of pumping methods: end-pumping and side-pumping, as shown in Figure 2 [14″ target=_blank>.

　　Due to the short propagation distance of light in a single sheet, the gain capacity is limited, and the maximum output power is currently 5 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and further power increases require the cascade of multiple lamella for amplification (see Figure 3 [16″ target=_blank>). In 2000, Stewen et al. [17″ target=_blank> achieved a continuous laser output of 647 W in a single Yb3+｜YAG thin slice by end-pumping, and a maximum laser output of 1070 W by combining four thin slices. In 2009, the Boeing Company pumped 10 Yb3+:YAG thin slices to obtain a laser output of 28 kW, with a laser duration of several seconds and a beam mass close to the diffraction limit [18″ target=_blank>. The commercial thin-slice laser developed by Trumpf in Germany is capable of producing a continuous laser with a stable output power of 18 kW. Theoretical calculations show that the maximum output power of a single sheet is about 30 kW [15″ target=_blank>, and it is clear that the current experimental results are still quite far from the theoretical value.

　　At present, the main problems of thin slice lasers are: (1) high requirements for crystal thin slice processing and welding process; (2) The gain capacity of a single sheet is limited, and the cascade of multiple pieces will make the optical path of the system extremely complex, which requires high precision assembly and adjustment ability of the system.

　　Laser pointers have become an increasingly popular tool in a variety of applications, such as presentations, stargazing, and even entertainment. The 301 500MW green high-power laser pointer is a powerful option that stands out. With its superior features and versatility, this laser pointer offers a superior user experience.more importantly, laser sight Made a fighter in the product, not afraid of any competitor’s attack. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections

　　The 301 500mw green light high power laser pointer is known for its green laser beam, which provides superior visibility compared to other colors. It operates at 500 milliwatts (MW) or 0.5 watts, making it more effective than a standard laser pointer. This power allows it to project bright and focused beams of light over long distances of up to several kilometers.

　　Experts are full of praise for the performance of the 301 500MW green light high power laser pointer. Dr. Samantha Thompson, an expert in laser technology, confirms: “The 301 500mw green high-power laser pointer offers significant advantages in terms of visibility and range. Its powerful beam makes it ideal for outdoor activities such as astronomy and even emergency signals. ￣

　　In addition to its powerful features, this laser pointer has a durable and compact design, ensuring easy portability. Its body is made of high-quality materials that can withstand daily use. The compact size makes it easy for users to slip it into their pocket or bag for easy access when they need it.

　　An important aspect to be aware of when using the 301 500mw green light high power laser pointer is safety. Due to its high power, it must be handled responsibly and with care. Direct exposure to light beams can be harmful to the eyes and skin, so proper precautions such as wearing protective eyewear should always be taken.

　　In order to further enhance the user experience, the 301 500MW green light high power laser pointer provides a variety of working modes. It can emit continuous beams of light or can be adjusted to produce different patterns, such as dots or stars. This versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, including professional presentations or creating captivating visuals.

　　In addition, the 301 500MW green light high power laser pointer comes with a rechargeable battery that does not need to be replaced frequently. Not only does this save money in the long run, but it also reduces environmental waste. The battery life is impressive, providing longer use time before it needs to be recharged.

　　The benefits of a powerful laser beam

　　Improve visibility and range

　　One of the main advantages of the 301 500MW green light high power laser pointer is its powerful laser beam. Unlike low-power laser pointers, this model offers excellent visibility even in bright environments. Whether you’re giving a presentation in a well-lit room or pointing out the stars in the night sky, the 301 500MW green high power laser pointer ensures your beam is clearly visible.

　　And, the extended range of this laser pointer is particularly noteworthy. The higher power allows the beam to travel long distances, allowing it to be used in a variety of outdoor activities. Whether you’re a teacher, astronomer, or adventurer, having a laser pointer with long-range capabilities enhances your ability to interact with your surroundings.

　　”The power and range of the 301 500MW green high power laser pointer is outstanding. It penetrates ambient light, making it ideal for lecture halls or brightly lit conference rooms. ￣

　　Applications in astronomy and outdoor activities

　　Enhance your stargazing experience

　　Amateur astronomers can benefit greatly from the 301 500MW green high-power laser pointer. Its powerful beam can be precisely pointed in the night sky, making it easier to identify specific stars, planets, or constellations. In addition, the extended range allows astronomers to share their observations with others, even when observing through telescopes or binoculars.

　　Emergency signals and survival tools

　　In an emergency, a high-power laser pointer like the 301 500MW green light high-power laser pointer can be a lifesaver. Its intense beam can reach considerable distances, making it an effective tool for signaling rescuers during outdoor expeditions or search and rescue operations. Some models even come with additional security features, such as SOS mode, which emits a distress signal in Morse code.

　　Learn about laser safety

　　Responsible handling and precautions

　　Given the higher power of the 301 500MW green light high power laser pointer, it is crucial to handle it responsibly. Direct exposure to the laser beam may cause eye damage or skin burns. Therefore, it is crucial to never aim the laser at a person or animal, especially their eyes. When using the laser pointer outdoors, it is advisable to make sure that it does not traverse the flight path of the aircraft to avoid accidental distraction by the pilot.

　　The importance of protective eyewear

　　Protective eyewear is an important consideration when using a high-powered laser pointer. Laser goggles with an optical density appropriate to the wavelength of the laser should be worn to protect the eyes from accidental exposure. Always make sure you buy safety-certified goggles that are specifically designed for the power and wavelength of the laser pointer you’re using.

　　conclusion

　　The 301 500MW green high power laser pointer provides a powerful and versatile tool for a wide range of applications. Its high output power and superior range make it ideal for educators, astronomers, outdoor enthusiasts, and professionals. However, this laser pointer must be handled responsibly and the necessary safety precautions must be followed to prevent accidents and protect your own well-being and the well-being of others.

　　1 IntroductionFor the immediate pressure, high powered laser pointer With its own coping style, it can break the predicament and usher in a new life through the quality of the product itself. https://highpowerlaser.shop/collections/burning-laser

　　Laser beam synthesis has been proposed and widely studied and applied in order to overcome the challenges encountered in improving the performance of single laser beams. As early as the 60s of the 20th century, Mr. Liu Songhao [1″ target=_blank> pointed out in the article “The Development Status of Lasers”: “In terms of device structure, in order to increase the output energy of a single rod-shaped working substance, in addition to increasing the length and diameter of the rod and increasing the energy density of the excitation light source, a multi-light source excitation device can be used. In order to increase

　　With the addition of output energy, dozens or even hundreds of devices can be coupled to form a so-called light maser array. The use of a maser array not only has the potential to greatly increase the output energy of the device, but also reduces the divergence angle of the output beam

　　Few. This approach has the potential to be one of the ways to develop high-energy devices. “The results of the literature survey show that the research process of laser beam synthesis is almost synchronous with that of lasers [2” target=_blank>

　　。 As stated in Ref. [1″ target=_blank>, “The implementation of the light maser array is very difficult, and many complex scientific and technical problems must be solved. ￣

　　Since the beginning of the 21st century, fiber laser has been fully developed. With the overlapping factors such as the modularization of fiber lasers, the superior performance of fiber devices, and the rapid development of information technology, important progress has been made in laser beam synthesis technology with fiber lasers as typical units [3-12″ target=_blank>, which has become a scientific frontier and key research direction in the field of lasers, and has been an important topic of international conferences such as Photonics West and Advanced Fiber Laser.

　　The domestic research results are also very fruitful, with scientific and technological journals successively publishing special albums [13-14″ target=_blank>, comprehensive academic conferences setting up special seminars [15″ target=_blank>, and beam synthesis gradually realizing the empowerment of laser systems [16″ target=_blank>. There are many types of lasers that can be synthesized and technical solutions for synthesis [17-23″ target=_blank>. Ref. [24″ target=_blank> provides a comprehensive analysis of the progress of laser beam synthesis from 2011 to 2020, covering all laser types. Ref. [25″ target=_blank> focuses on the progress of fiber laser coherent synthesis. In this paper, we comprehensively review the research progress of various synthesis technologies in recent years from multiple perspectives such as power synthesis, spectral synthesis, coherent synthesis and composite synthesis, analyze the development trend, summarize the research experience, and refine the latest trends, so as to provide reference for scientific research, teaching and application personnel in the field of fiber laser and beam synthesis.

　　2 Power synthesis

　　Power synthesis is the most common laser synthesis method [26″ target=_blank>, which can generally be divided into two categories: space power synthesis and all-fiber power synthesis. Among them, space synthesis generally refers to the control of the optical axis of each laser beam to make it pass

　　Free transmission or focusing and other methods to achieve spot coincidence at the target. Their common feature is that the beam quality is reduced while increasing the power [27″ target=_blank>. The pigtail coupled diode laser, which is commonly used in the development of fiber lasers, mostly adopts the method of spatial synthesis in its internal structure. For fiber lasers, most of the reports on spatial synthesis have focused on the development of high-power fiber laser systems [28″ target=_blank>. In recent years, there have been few reports on technology.

　　In contrast, all-fiber power synthesis has been a hot topic in laser synthesis in recent years, and its typical structure is shown in Figure 1 [29″ target=_blank>. As early as 2013, IPG Photonics reported that the world’s first 100 kW high-power fiber laser system was realized based on the power synthesis of 90 kW lasers, which was successfully applied to the field of laser processing [30″ target=_blank>. Soon after, a high-power fiber laser system in the 120 kW class was reported. The key to all-fiber power synthesis is the low-insertion-loss, high-power adaptive power combiner, which IPG Photonics’ homepage envisions for a 500 kW power output [31″ target=_blank>.

　　With the improvement of traction and power combiner performance required by applications, in recent years, several units have realized 100 kW fiber laser systems based on all-fiber power synthesis. In 2021, the University of South China and Ruike Gong

　　The company reported the first 100 kW fiber laser system in China [32-33″ target=_blank>; In 2024, Kaplin, Han’s, and Chuangxin have successively reported high-power fiber laser systems ranging from 150 kW to 200 kW [29,34-36″ target=_blank>. As long as the power beam combiner has sufficient “brightness redundancy” (i.e., the product of the diameter of the output pigtail and the numerical aperture is greater than the sum of the diameter and numerical aperture of all input fibers), then there is great potential to achieve low insertion loss and high power acceptance. Of course, the product of the diameter of the output pigtail and the numerical aperture also determines the beam quality of the output laser, which determines the application scenario and application effect.

　　In addition to continuing to increase the output power, there are three trends worth paying attention to in the power synthesis of all-fiber structures. The first is the development of ultra-high power fiber laser systems of 100 kW (or more) based on all-fiber power synthesis, which not only drives technological progress in the direction of laser devices and laser technology, but also promotes the development of advanced optoelectronic measurement [37″ target=_blank>. For example, the 150 kW fiber laser system reported in Ref. [35″ target=_blank> has been criticized by researchers because the output power exceeds the range of common calorimetry-based laser power meters

　　The innovative use of optical pressure-based power measurement methods [38″ target=_blank> provides a solution for direct measurement of higher power lasers. The second is the quality (brightness) of the laser beam synthesized by power. As mentioned above, if the product of the diameter of the output pigtail and the numerical aperture is large enough, then ultra-high power output can be achieved

　　But the quality of the output laser beam will deteriorate. The author has noticed that in 2009, IPG Photonics announced a project to achieve an output power of more than 50 kW and a beam quality of M2 through multi-laser all-fiber power synthesis<4. Although the specific progress of the above projects has not been seen in the follow-up, the advanced nature can be felt from the technical indicators. The third is through a specially designed beam combiner, supplemented by a laser Key technologies related to coherent synthesis [39" target=_blank> (e.g., phase control [25″ target=_blank>) are possible.To further improve the beam quality of the system output, for example, Ref. [40″ target=_blank> has achieved a highly stable near-single-mode 10,000-watt laser output, and the mode control based on photonic lanterns [41″ target=_blank>, which has attracted much attention in recent years, is essentially in this category.

　　Why should even the medals and badges be customized? This is a problem that many people don’t understand. In fact, in our life, no matter in schools or enterprises, we will encounter all kinds of competitions, and each competition will inevitably have different awards. Apart from some realistic material rewards, medals, trophies or badges are also essential.In order to facilitate users to have a better experience, custom made medals Many attempts have been made to upgrade the products, and the results are also very good, and the market performance tends to be in a good state. https://www.karonmetal.com

　　Customized medals, trophies and badges represent a sense of ceremony given by the organizers and a sense of honor given by the contestants themselves. Then what should we pay attention to when customizing medals and badges as demanders?

　　First, the medal badge style

　　When customizing the design style of medals and badges, it is necessary to integrate the design style that the customization party wants based on the purpose of the product and the inheritance of corporate culture and the spirit of events. At the same time, it is necessary to customize different types of products according to different scenes, and determine the size, proportion, coordination, appropriateness and standard of medal badge products.

　　II. Contents of medals and badges

　　Generally, the customized surface content of the medal badge is the company (school or organization) abbreviation, logo, theme and other information, so it is forbidden that too much information leads to the accumulation of words on the surface of the medal badge. As simple as possible, accurately and completely express the purpose of making medal badges.

　　Third, the medal badge technology

　　Because the materials for making medals and badges are different, the manufacturing process is also diverse. For example, the production of metal medals can be made into colorful and exquisite medals through baking paint and enamel processing, which has a strong three-dimensional effect and various patterns are prominent. Soft enamel and resin are used as coloring materials, and the surface can be plated with gold, nickel and other metal colors, which are smooth and delicate, giving people a very noble feeling.

　　Fourth, medal badge materials

　　The materials for making customized medals and badges need to be determined according to the needs of the customization party. Compared with precious metals, gold, silver and ordinary metals, the precious materials of gold, silver and precious metals are more expensive. The customization party can decide whether the medals are high-grade or not and what materials to choose according to the requirements of different scenes.

　　V. Details of medals and badges

　　The details of customizing the medal badge mainly show whether the font selection is appropriate when customizing the medal badge, and what style of medal wooden support and medal ribbon are selected to match the medal badge; The thickness of medal badge, the width of hem and edge, the plane arch surface, etc., are considered according to different customization requirements.